rank,country,iso3,kind,index_0_100,rank_90_low,rank_90_high,school_skills_pisa_avg,maths,reading,science,computational_problem_solving,top_performers_pct,low_performers_all_three_pct,change_since_2012,research_articles_per_million_per_year,adult_skills_piaac_avg,adult_entity,oecd_sampling_caution,name_in_oecd_tables
1,Singapore,SGP,country,100.0,1,1,552.5,562.9,534.9,559.9,563.5,42.3,6.8,-3.2,3805.0,260.2,Singapore,,Singapore
2,Macao,MAC,economy,97.1,2,2,530.4,549.3,501.1,540.8,571.9,30.8,5.2,7.8,8904.0,,,,Macao (China)
3,Taiwan (Chinese Taipei),TWN,economy,88.5,3,3,531.2,546.2,507.8,539.7,550.9,35.0,9.1,-4.2,1590.0,,,,Chinese Taipei
4,South Korea,KOR,country,83.9,4,7,516.3,522.3,500.6,526.1,537.7,28.1,9.4,-26.1,1670.0,246.4,Korea,,Korea
5,Estonia,EST,country,83.6,4,6,511.4,507.9,499.2,527.1,540.7,18.0,7.4,-14.7,2154.0,273.3,Estonia,,Estonia
6,Hong Kong,HKG,economy,82.9,4,7,499.2,521.7,480.1,495.6,545.5,22.9,10.0,-54.4,4137.0,,,,Hong Kong (China)
7,Japan,JPN,country,82.8,4,7,521.9,525.4,502.7,537.6,557.3,27.1,8.8,-18.5,949.0,285.4,Japan,,Japan
8,Switzerland,CHE,country,81.1,8,9,490.1,499.1,470.1,501.2,519.8,18.1,15.0,-28.3,5181.0,266.5,Switzerland,,Switzerland
9,United Kingdom,GBR,country,80.5,8,11,497.7,487.6,494.2,511.4,522.6,18.2,12.0,-4.7,2823.0,266.3,England (UK),,United Kingdom
10,Australia,AUS,country,80.2,9,11,492.5,477.5,490.9,509.1,531.8,18.2,14.0,-20.0,3708.0,,,,Australia
11,Ireland,IRL,country,79.5,10,13,493.3,479.9,500.4,499.6,511.4,12.7,11.2,-22.3,3119.0,257.1,Ireland,,Ireland
12,New Zealand,NZL,country,79.5,10,13,495.4,479.6,497.0,509.4,530.9,20.8,13.8,-13.8,2703.0,254.9,New Zealand,yes,New Zealand
13,Canada,CAN,country,79.3,11,13,495.1,485.3,489.8,510.1,524.9,17.4,12.0,-27.1,2662.0,266.9,Canada,yes,Canada
14,Finland,FIN,country,76.7,14,14,482.5,468.7,474.3,504.4,506.6,14.0,15.7,-46.9,3558.0,288.9,Finland,,Finland
15,Austria,AUT,country,74.8,15,17,480.4,477.2,467.2,496.9,509.5,12.6,16.5,-19.9,2821.0,258.1,Austria,,Austria
16,Belgium,BEL,country,74.2,15,19,478.6,479.7,466.3,489.7,508.1,13.4,18.1,-30.8,2835.0,272.0,Flemish Region (Belgium),,Belgium
17,Denmark,DNK,country,74.0,15,19,469.4,470.6,460.0,477.5,505.9,8.9,16.0,-28.8,4912.0,272.2,Denmark,,Denmark
18,United States,USA,country,74.0,15,21,484.6,462.8,489.5,501.6,513.2,17.8,17.5,-7.5,1825.0,251.5,United States,yes,United States
19,Sweden,SWE,country,73.7,16,20,471.9,464.3,466.4,485.1,502.6,14.1,19.4,-10.2,3911.0,280.6,Sweden,,Sweden
20,Poland,POL,country,72.6,19,22,486.9,484.1,481.5,495.1,506.7,14.4,14.0,-33.6,1214.0,233.6,Poland,,Poland
21,Netherlands,NLD,country,72.2,19,23,470.0,483.3,441.3,485.5,506.1,15.7,21.3,-48.7,3303.0,275.9,Netherlands,yes,Netherlands
22,Czechia,CZE,country,71.8,20,23,478.6,477.1,468.4,490.3,516.5,12.8,15.4,-21.5,1768.0,259.2,Czechia,,Czechia
23,Italy,ITA,country,71.3,21,24,475.0,467.8,474.3,483.0,490.0,10.1,15.8,-14.5,2014.0,240.2,Italy,,Italy
24,Portugal,PRT,country,70.4,23,27,467.9,459.9,462.0,481.7,500.6,9.0,18.6,-20.1,2637.0,235.4,Portugal,,Portugal
25,Germany,DEU,country,69.7,24,28,471.5,463.8,465.3,485.5,497.5,14.0,20.7,-43.6,1849.0,266.6,Germany,,Germany
26,Norway,NOR,country,69.6,24,27,458.3,451.8,452.8,470.2,491.1,9.7,22.0,-37.7,4233.0,278.8,Norway,yes,Norway
27,Lithuania,LTU,country,69.3,25,28,474.1,470.5,464.1,487.7,511.8,8.7,15.2,-9.8,1439.0,238.1,Lithuania,,Lithuania
28,Slovenia,SVN,country,69.0,26,28,462.8,459.8,444.7,483.7,485.9,10.1,18.8,-36.1,2796.0,,,,Slovenia
29,Luxembourg,LUX,country,68.3,29,29,458.4,458.1,443.2,473.8,505.6,11.4,25.0,-31.2,3261.0,,,,Luxembourg
30,Spain,ESP,country,66.9,30,31,462.0,457.4,451.4,477.1,498.8,7.0,18.4,-27.6,1970.0,245.9,Spain,,Spain
31,France,FRA,country,66.6,30,33,465.8,457.7,456.3,483.4,497.5,9.8,21.3,-34.0,1451.0,253.1,France,,France
32,Türkiye,TUR,country,66.0,31,34,476.0,461.5,472.1,494.3,472.9,11.1,15.4,13.7,671.0,,,,Türkiye
33,Croatia,HRV,country,65.9,31,33,461.7,455.3,453.4,476.3,463.8,7.8,20.3,-20.7,1664.0,247.6,Croatia,,Croatia
34,Hungary,HUN,country,65.0,33,35,463.9,459.5,452.3,479.9,495.0,7.6,19.7,-22.7,1206.0,247.8,Hungary,,Hungary
35,Slovakia,SVK,country,64.5,34,35,464.0,469.1,448.0,474.9,496.8,11.0,21.1,-7.9,1084.0,253.8,Slovak Republic,,Slovak Republic
36,Iceland,ISL,country,63.0,36,36,437.8,449.7,422.3,441.4,489.8,5.9,27.6,-46.7,4319.0,,,,Iceland
37,Latvia,LVA,country,60.6,37,38,452.8,460.5,429.7,468.4,506.8,6.7,21.6,-41.0,1022.0,251.6,Latvia,,Latvia
38,United Arab Emirates,ARE,country,59.8,37,39,447.8,452.6,432.8,458.1,475.6,10.3,26.6,6.5,1213.0,,,,United Arab Emirates
39,Israel,ISR,country,59.2,38,39,437.1,433.4,435.8,442.0,443.8,8.8,29.0,-37.0,2147.0,241.8,Israel,,Israel
40,Malta,MLT,country,57.5,40,40,435.4,439.1,414.6,452.5,462.6,8.3,29.4,,1727.0,,,,Malta
41,Brunei,BRN,country,56.5,41,41,433.4,435.2,425.7,439.5,496.3,3.4,33.0,,1599.0,,,,Brunei Darussalam
42,Greece,GRC,country,55.5,42,42,426.9,423.9,422.7,434.3,461.0,3.3,31.4,-38.7,1981.0,,,,Greece
43,Qatar,QAT,country,54.2,43,43,422.9,416.2,418.0,434.4,452.2,5.0,35.8,40.3,1997.0,,,,Qatar
44,Chile,CHL,country,50.3,44,46,426.9,402.6,435.7,442.4,466.2,2.6,28.8,-9.4,726.0,216.6,Chile,,Chile
45,Serbia,SRB,country,50.0,44,46,420.1,416.7,414.6,429.0,437.5,3.4,34.1,-26.5,1057.0,,,,Serbia
46,Cyprus,CYP,country,49.8,44,46,400.8,411.8,379.4,411.2,427.2,4.6,43.5,-41.3,3485.0,,,,Cyprus
47,Montenegro,MNE,country,47.8,47,49,421.5,411.1,418.4,435.2,423.1,1.8,33.0,7.6,629.0,,,,Montenegro
48,Romania,ROU,country,47.5,47,49,418.9,419.1,412.9,424.7,442.2,4.8,38.5,-21.4,701.0,,,,Romania
49,Uruguay,URY,country,47.5,47,49,424.2,404.9,423.2,444.5,461.9,2.8,30.2,12.1,497.0,,,,Uruguay
50,Albania,ALB,country,44.7,50,51,425.0,432.8,407.6,434.6,437.0,1.9,27.8,29.8,277.0,,,yes,Albania
51,Saudi Arabia,SAU,country,44.7,50,51,396.9,389.9,387.3,413.4,425.8,0.6,44.0,,1656.0,,,,Saudi Arabia
52,Malaysia,MYS,country,42.8,52,54,403.1,397.4,392.8,419.2,484.1,0.8,42.3,-9.6,767.0,,,,Malaysia
53,Vietnam,VNM,country,42.7,52,54,430.7,443.2,391.5,457.4,461.4,4.2,26.0,,130.0,,,,Viet Nam
54,Bulgaria,BGR,country,41.8,52,55,404.2,405.1,386.6,420.8,425.3,4.1,41.9,-36.3,591.0,,,,Bulgaria
55,Mauritius,MUS,country,40.1,54,57,416.8,406.9,405.3,438.2,,3.0,35.1,,192.0,,,,Mauritius
56,Thailand,THA,country,40.1,55,57,410.3,406.8,391.8,432.2,476.1,1.2,36.9,-27.0,286.0,,,,Thailand
57,Georgia,GEO,country,39.0,56,58,407.6,416.4,384.2,422.1,413.3,2.3,36.2,,276.0,,,,Georgia
58,Costa Rica,CRI,country,38.5,57,59,409.0,387.1,416.0,424.0,451.9,0.9,36.7,-16.6,227.0,,,,Costa Rica
59,Moldova,MDA,country,37.3,58,62,411.9,410.1,403.7,421.9,452.3,1.5,39.0,,152.0,,,,Moldova
60,Brazil,BRA,country,36.9,59,63,397.8,376.8,408.0,408.5,405.5,1.8,43.8,-1.1,343.0,,,,Brazil
61,Mongolia,MNG,country,36.8,59,63,405.6,418.6,374.3,424.0,443.0,1.4,38.6,,202.0,,,,Mongolia
62,Jordan,JOR,country,36.7,59,63,385.7,387.6,362.6,406.9,407.8,0.3,48.1,,722.0,,,,Jordan
63,Kazakhstan,KAZ,country,36.6,60,63,406.0,413.7,384.8,419.5,448.9,1.4,41.1,-10.4,192.0,,,,Kazakhstan
64,Mexico,MEX,country,35.5,64,65,403.0,387.6,407.9,413.6,453.0,0.5,41.8,-14.2,187.0,,,,Mexico
65,Azerbaijan,AZE,country,35.0,64,66,401.5,422.4,373.6,408.6,387.8,4.8,42.9,,187.0,,,,Azerbaijan
66,Colombia,COL,country,34.3,65,66,397.8,380.5,399.3,413.7,431.8,1.1,43.9,5.0,208.0,,,,Colombia
67,Peru,PER,country,30.6,67,69,392.7,382.4,390.1,405.6,436.3,0.5,46.6,17.6,138.0,,,,Peru
68,Argentina,ARG,country,30.5,67,69,382.8,366.8,388.7,392.9,403.3,1.2,48.8,-13.9,258.0,,,,Argentina
69,North Macedonia,MKD,country,29.7,68,70,371.9,379.8,357.4,378.5,389.1,0.9,55.8,,438.0,,,,North Macedonia
70,Lebanon,LBN,country,29.2,68,71,360.0,377.1,330.9,372.0,358.2,1.1,58.4,,857.0,,,,Lebanon
71,Ecuador,ECU,country,29.1,69,71,381.4,365.8,385.0,393.4,421.9,0.2,53.6,,215.0,,,,Ecuador
72,Armenia,ARM,country,25.7,72,72,364.2,375.8,348.3,368.6,354.4,0.8,58.1,,329.0,,,,Armenia
73,Palestinian Authority,PSE,economy,22.3,73,74,354.3,354.3,349.9,358.7,393.5,0.1,68.4,,319.0,,,,Palestinian Authority
74,Kosovo,XKX,country,21.8,73,74,349.3,350.4,340.5,357.0,358.9,0.0,73.8,,399.0,,,,Kosovo
75,Indonesia,IDN,country,20.5,75,75,372.6,363.9,365.2,388.7,426.9,0.1,60.9,-11.8,70.0,,,,Indonesia
76,Morocco,MAR,country,18.4,76,77,344.6,354.8,321.1,358.0,373.9,0.1,73.2,,277.0,,,,Morocco
77,Philippines,PHL,country,17.6,76,77,370.3,370.6,366.9,373.3,434.4,0.3,64.3,,46.0,,,,Philippines
78,Kyrgyzstan,KGZ,country,14.8,78,78,356.9,363.8,344.4,362.5,387.8,0.0,70.9,,63.0,,,,Kyrgyzstan
79,Cambodia,KHM,country,13.3,79,79,365.0,365.8,347.2,381.9,,0.0,61.7,,28.0,,,,Cambodia
80,El Salvador,SLV,country,11.7,80,80,365.8,346.2,366.4,384.7,401.3,0.2,61.3,,20.0,,,,El Salvador
81,Paraguay,PRY,country,10.0,81,81,347.1,333.7,352.2,355.2,352.5,0.1,69.4,,47.0,,,,Paraguay
82,Dominican Republic,DOM,country,7.3,82,83,348.4,338.8,345.5,360.8,378.8,0.0,69.3,,25.0,,,,Dominican Republic
83,Kenya,KEN,country,7.1,82,83,327.0,325.9,320.2,334.9,277.9,0.0,82.1,,95.0,,,,Kenya
84,Guatemala,GTM,country,3.0,84,85,340.9,334.3,337.1,351.2,369.1,0.0,75.6,,18.0,,,,Guatemala
85,Zambia,ZMB,country,2.8,84,86,325.2,313.6,324.9,337.0,,0.2,72.5,,46.0,,,,Zambia
86,Rwanda,RWA,country,0.0,85,86,310.0,311.6,300.9,317.3,,0.0,86.5,,71.0,,,,Rwanda
,"China: Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang",CHN,part,,,,578.7,612.4,526.5,597.0,560.3,55.5,1.8,,,,,,B-S-J-Z (China)
,Uzbekistan,UZB,science-only,,,,,,,437.6,402.4,,,,,,,,Uzbekistan
,Ukraine: 17 of 27 regions,UKR,part,,,,432.5,431.0,418.4,448.1,477.5,3.6,29.3,,,,,,Ukrainian regions (17 of 27)
,Tajikistan: Dushanbe only,TJK,part,,,,361.3,382.1,368.1,333.8,,0.0,67.2,,,,,,Dushanbe (Tajikistan)
,Iraq: Kurdistan Region only,IRQ,part,,,,334.2,338.8,311.5,352.2,,0.0,76.8,,,,,,Kurdistan Region (Iraq)