study_id,year,first_author,journal,doi,region,other_regions,method,design,tissue,healthy_adult_controls,n_brains,n_adults,age_min_adult,age_max,tissue_delay_h_max,oldest_with_new_or_immature_neurons,disease_focus,rate_stated,verdict,authors_sentence,sentence_read_in,citations_openalex_2026_11_06,licence,text_read,note
eriksson1998,1998,Eriksson,Nature medicine,10.1038/3305,Hippocampus,,BrdU / IdU,new,labelled in life,no,,,,,,,Cancer patients given BrdU during treatment,,Found in adults,"we demonstrate that new neurons, as defined by these markers, are generated from dividing progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult humans",abstract,6330,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,The first direct evidence: patients had received BrdU in life; sample size is not in the abstract.
weickert2000,2000,Weickert,The Journal of comparative neurology,10.1002/1096-9861(20000731)423:3<359::aid-cne1>3.0.co;2-0,SVZ and olfactory pathway,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Found in adults,Our results show that neuroblast-like cells exist in the human SEZ and support the theory that SEZ of postnatal human brain has neurogenic potential,abstract,130,PUBLIC DOMAIN,abstract,"Infant, teen, young adult and adult donors."
sanai2004,2004,Sanai,Nature,10.1038/nature02301,SVZ and olfactory pathway,,Immunostaining,new,both,yes,,,,,,,,,Not found,"Unexpectedly, we find no evidence of chains of migrating neuroblasts in the SVZ or in the pathway to the olfactory bulb",abstract,1307,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,Found proliferating SVZ astrocytes that act as stem cells in vitro.
spalding2005,2005,Spalding,Cell,10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.028,Neocortex,,Carbon-14,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Not found,"occipital neurons are as old as the individual, supporting the view that postnatal neurogenesis does not take place in this region",abstract,626,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,First use of bomb-pulse carbon-14 to date human brain cells.
bhardwaj2006,2006,Bhardwaj,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,10.1073/pnas.0605177103,Neocortex,,Carbon-14,new,both,yes,,,,,,,Also patients given BrdU,,Not found,neurons in the human cerebral neocortex are not generated in adulthood at detectable levels but are generated perinatally,abstract,452,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,
quinones2006,2006,Quiñones-Hinojosa,The Journal of comparative neurology,10.1002/cne.20798,SVZ and olfactory pathway,,Immunostaining,new,both,yes,,,,,,,,,Rare or declining,"However, compared to rodents, the adult human SVZ appears to be devoid of chain migration or large numbers of newly formed young neurons",abstract,554,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,"7 whole brains plus 42 post-mortem and 43 surgical samples (samples, not people); a few migratory-looking cells in the anterior SVZ only."
baer2007,2007,Baer,Experimental neurology,10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.12.008,SVZ and olfactory pathway,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Found in adults,"Thus, our data surprisingly reveal that these TFs are differentially expressed in the adult human SVZ where Sox-2 and Pax-6 specify a glial and neuronal fate, respectively",abstract,42,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,Pax-6 in PSA-NCAM-positive progenitor cells of the adult SVZ.
curtis2007,2007,Curtis,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",10.1126/science.1136281,SVZ and olfactory pathway,,BrdU / IdU,new,both,yes,,,,,,,,,Found in adults,contains progenitor cells with migratory characteristics and cells that incorporate 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and become mature neurons in the OB,abstract,887,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,A rostral migratory stream around a lateral ventricular extension; also MRI and electron microscopy.
liu2008,2008,Liu,The European journal of neuroscience,10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06518.x,Cortex,Hippocampus: DCX-positive cells present,Immunostaining,new,both,yes,,,,,,,Temporal lobe epilepsy,,Mixed or unclear,"cells expressing doublecortin (Dcx), a microtubule-associated protein expressed in migrating neuroblasts, were present in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of the normal and MTLE adult human brain",abstract,110,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,The authors call the cells possibly newly generated only in the epileptic temporal cortex.
knoth2010,2010,Knoth,PloS one,10.1371/journal.pone.0008809,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,54,,,100,,100,,,Rare or declining,"Total numbers of DCX expressing cells declined exponentially with increasing age, and co-expression of DCX with the other markers decreased",abstract,645,CC BY,full text,Fourteen rodent neurogenesis markers; samples free of signs of ischemia.
sanai2011,2011,Sanai,Nature,10.1038/nature10487,SVZ and olfactory pathway,,Immunostaining,new,both,yes,,,,,,,,,Rare or declining,this germinal activity subsides in older children and is nearly extinct by adulthood,abstract,845,publisher licence (facts cited),full text,A migratory stream to the prefrontal cortex in infants before 18 months.
wang2011,2011,Wang,Cell research,10.1038/cr.2011.83,SVZ and olfactory pathway,Olfactory bulb: no neuroblasts,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Found in adults,We provide evidence that neuroblasts exist continuously in the anterior ventral SVZ and RMS of the adult human brain,abstract,309,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,Also fetal human and adult monkey brains; no neuroblasts in the adult olfactory bulb.
bergmann2012,2012,Bergmann,Neuron,10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.030,Olfactory bulb,,Carbon-14,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Not found,"establishing that there is very limited, if any, postnatal neurogenesis in the human olfactory bulb",abstract,373,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,
martimengual2013,2013,Martí-Mengual,The European journal of neuroscience,10.1111/ejn.12016,Amygdala,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Mixed or unclear,"Our results demonstrate that cells coexpressing doublecortin and PSA-NCAM, but lacking neuronal nuclear antigen expression, were present in the amygdala of adult humans",abstract,43,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,No Ki67-positive (dividing) cells in the amygdala itself.
spalding2013,2013,Spalding,Cell,10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.002,Hippocampus,,Carbon-14,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,700 new neurons per hippocampus per day; 1.75% a year of the renewing third,Found in adults,"In adult humans, 700 new neurons are added in each hippocampus per day, corresponding to an annual turnover of 1.75% of the neurons within the renewing fraction, with a modest decline during aging",abstract,1825,publisher licence (facts cited),full text,
batailler2014,2014,Batailler,The Journal of comparative neurology,10.1002/cne.23514,Hypothalamus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Found in adults,This study provides further confirmation of the existence of an adult hypothalamic neurogenic niche and argues for the potential existence of a migratory path within the hypothalamus,abstract,98,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,Compared with mouse and sheep.
ernst2014,2014,Ernst,Cell,10.1016/j.cell.2014.01.044,Striatum,,Carbon-14,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,Also Huntington's disease,,Found in adults,"We show, using histological and carbon-14 dating approaches, that in adult humans new neurons integrate in the striatum, which is adjacent to this neurogenic niche",abstract,929,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,Turnover appears restricted to interneurons.
huttner2014,2014,Huttner,Nature neuroscience,10.1038/nn.3706,Neocortex,,Carbon-14,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,Stroke,,Not found,"Using immunohistochemistry; transcriptome, genome and ploidy analyses; and determination of nuclear bomb test-derived (14)C concentration in neuronal DNA, we found neither to be the case",abstract,127,OTHER OA,abstract,No new neurons in the cortex after ischemic stroke.
lotsch2014,2014,Lötsch,Brain structure & function,10.1007/s00429-013-0618-3,Olfactory bulb,,Bulk RNA,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Found in adults,"This provides a novel, functional genomics perspective supporting the existence of neurogenesis in the adult human olfactory bulb",abstract,58,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,Gene-function analysis of tissue RNA; no cell was dated or counted.
bayer2015,2015,Bayer,Drug and alcohol dependence,10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.005,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,Heroin addiction,,Found in adults,The age-dependent increase of differentiating cells in the healthy controls was not observed in the addicts,abstract,44,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,
dennis2016,2016,Dennis,Neuropathology and applied neurobiology,10.1111/nan.12337,Hippocampus,SVZ: same result,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,23,,,59,,,,,Not found,"However, after 3 years of age, microglia were the only proliferating cells found in either niche or in the adjacent parenchyma",abstract,262,publisher licence (facts cited),full text,Adults are the 8 donors aged 24 or older.
mathews2017,2017,Mathews,Aging cell,10.1111/acel.12641,Hippocampus,,Bulk RNA,new,post-mortem,yes,26,26,18,88,,,,,Rare or declining,These data are the first to demonstrate normal age-related decreases at specific stages of adult human hippocampal neurogenesis,abstract,123,CC BY,full text,
boldrini2018,2018,Boldrini,Cell stem cell,10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.015,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,28,,,79,26,79,,,Found in adults,"Thus, healthy older subjects without cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric disease, or treatment display preserved neurogenesis",abstract,1337,publisher licence (facts cited),full text,
cipriani2018,2018,Cipriani,"Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)",10.1093/cercor/bhy096,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,Also Alzheimer's disease,,Not found,while their neurogenic potential seems negligible in the adult,abstract,165,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,Few DCX-positive cells are seen in adults.
sorrells2018,2018,Sorrells,Nature,10.1038/nature25975,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,both,yes,59,29,18,77,48,,Also epilepsy (surgical samples),,Not found,"In adult patients with epilepsy and healthy adults (18-77 years; n = 17 post-mortem samples from controls; n = 12 surgical resection samples from patients with epilepsy), young neurons were not detected in the dentate gyrus",abstract,1407,publisher licence (facts cited),full text,Also electron microscopy and macaques.
morenojimenez2019,2019,Moreno-Jiménez,Nature medicine,10.1038/s41591-019-0375-9,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,Also Alzheimer's disease,,Found in adults,we identified thousands of immature neurons in the DG of neurologically healthy human subjects up to the ninth decade of life,abstract,1550,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,Tightly controlled post-mortem delay and fixation; the oldest age is given as a decade only.
seki2019,2019,Seki,Scientific reports,10.1038/s41598-019-54684-z,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,surgical,yes,17,,,49,0,,Epilepsy (controls: other temporal surgery),,Rare or declining,"The large number of PSA-NCAM+ cells and few DCX+/HuB+/Ki-67+ cells observed in the controls suggest that immature-type neurons are not recently generated neurons, and that the level of hippocampal neuronal production in adult humans is low",abstract,53,CC BY,full text,Ages 9 to 49; fixed at once after surgery (recorded as 0 hours).
sorrells2019,2019,Sorrells,Nature communications,10.1038/s41467-019-10765-1,Amygdala,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,77,,,Mixed or unclear,"Immature PL neurons persist into old age, yet local progenitor proliferation sharply decreases in infants",abstract,145,CC BY,full text,"The authors read the cells as neurons that stay immature for decades, not as new ones."
tobin2019,2019,Tobin,Cell stem cell,10.1016/j.stem.2019.05.003,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,18,18,79,99,,99,Also MCI and Alzheimer's disease,,Found in adults,"Here, we demonstrate that hippocampal neurogenesis is persistent through the tenth decade of life and is detectable in patients with mild cognitive impairments and Alzheimer's disease",abstract,587,publisher licence (facts cited),full text,Most tissue had a post-mortem interval of 20 hours or less (no maximum stated).
kumar2020,2020,Kumar,IBRO reports,10.1016/j.ibror.2020.08.003,Hippocampus,,Bulk RNA,re-analysis,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Rare or declining,Our findings indicate that the progression of neurogenesis from progenitor cells is highly restricted in the human brain from childhood onwards,abstract,20,CC BY NC ND,full text,"Re-analysis of BrainSpan (Allen) RNA data, 6 adult brains."
sorrells2021,2021,Sorrells,The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience,10.1523/jneurosci.0676-20.2020,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Not found,Analysis of available RNA-sequencing datasets supports the view that DG neurogenesis is rare or absent in the adult human brain,abstract,130,CC BY NC SA,abstract,Dual Perspectives article with new staining data; PubMed types it as a review.
terreros2021,2021,Terreros-Roncal,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",10.1126/science.abl5163,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,"ALS, Huntington's, Parkinson's, Lewy body and frontotemporal dementia",,Found in adults,We found that adult-born dentate granule cells showed abnormal morphological development and changes in the expression of differentiation markers,abstract,282,publisher licence (facts cited),full text,15 healthy control donors.
coviello2022,2022,Coviello,Frontiers in neuroanatomy,10.3389/fnana.2022.851432,Cortex,,Immunostaining,new,both,yes,,,,,,,Epilepsy surgery; psychiatric brain bank,,Mixed or unclear,Our findings confirm the presence of immature neurons in several regions of the cerebral cortex of humans of different ages and define their lineage,abstract,23,CC BY,full text,
franjic2022,2022,Franjic,Neuron,10.1016/j.neuron.2021.10.036,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,new,post-mortem,yes,6,6,,,,,,,Not found,"Integrated cross-species analysis revealed robust transcriptomic and histologic signatures of neurogenesis in the adult mouse, pig, and macaque but not humans",abstract,308,CC BY NC ND,full text,Donors aged 53 plus or minus 5 years; mean post-mortem interval 15.6 hours.
roeder2022,2022,Roeder,Communications biology,10.1038/s42003-022-03299-8,Amygdala,,Carbon-14,new,post-mortem,yes,12,12,44,86,,,,>2.7% of neurons renewed per year,Found in adults,"In conclusion, we provide evidence for postnatal neurogenesis in the human amygdala with cell turnover rates comparable to the hippocampus",abstract,36,CC BY,full text,
wang2022,2022,Wang,Cell research,10.1038/s41422-022-00678-y,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Rare or declining,the proinflammatory status of astrocytes probably contributes to the decrease and variability of AHN in adults and elderly individuals,abstract,120,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,Aged human donors and macaques across the lifespan.
zhou2022,2022,Zhou,Nature,10.1038/s41586-022-04912-w,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,new,both,yes,72,,,92,,,Also Alzheimer's disease,,Found in adults,"Together, our findings suggest the presence of a substantial number of imGCs in the adult human hippocampus via low-frequency de novo generation and protracted maturation",abstract,302,publisher licence (facts cited),full text,62 post-mortem specimens (fetal to 92 years) plus 10 surgical specimens kept in culture.
li2023,2023,Li,Molecular neurobiology,10.1007/s12035-023-03261-7,Cortex,Amygdala: DCX-positive neurons lifelong; hippocampus: DCX-positive cells in infants only,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,100,,,,,Mixed or unclear,while both layer II and amygdalar DCX + neurons persist in the temporal lobe lifelong,abstract,31,CC BY,abstract,
tosoni2023,2023,Tosoni,Neuron,10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.010,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,re-analysis,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Mixed or unclear,"We argue that, although promising, the single-cell transcriptomic profiling of AHN in the human brain can be confounded by methodological, conceptual, and biological factors",abstract,74,CC BY NC ND,abstract,Re-analysis of the published single-cell datasets.
cao2024,2024,Cao,"Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)",10.1111/bpa.13225,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,30,,,,,,Also Alzheimer's disease,,Found in adults,"In this study, we observed a significant presence of neurogenic cells in the hippocampus's dentate gyrus (DG) region in 30 individuals",abstract,37,CC BY NC ND,full text,
simard2024,2024,Simard,Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN,10.1503/jpn.240026,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Rare or declining,Our findings indicate very low levels of hippocampal neurogenesis throughout life and the existence of a local reserve of plasticity in the adult human hippocampus,abstract,18,CC BY NC ND,full text,Spatial transcriptomics and in situ hybridisation in males aged 2 to middle age; small samples.
yao2024,2024,Yao,eLife,10.7554/elife.89507,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,new,post-mortem,yes,10,,,,5,,Also stroke,,Rare or declining,help to explain why adult hippocampal neurogenesis is infrequently observed in humans,abstract,18,CC BY,full text,
dumitru2025,2025,Dumitru,"Science (New York, N.Y.)",10.1126/science.adu9575,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Found in adults,"In adults, using antibodies against the proliferation marker Ki67 and machine learning algorithms, we found proliferating neural progenitor cells",abstract,94,publisher licence (facts cited),abstract,
herold2025,2025,Herold,The Journal of comparative neurology,10.1002/cne.70107,Striatum,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,1,,,,,,,,Mixed or unclear,"Additionally, signs of persistent neuronal plasticity were observed with Doublecortin+ cells in the human caudate nucleus but not in the macaque",abstract,1,CC BY,full text,
marquez2025,2025,Márquez-Valadez,Cell stem cell,10.1016/j.stem.2025.08.010,Hippocampus,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,59,,,,,,"Depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder",,Found in adults,"modulate both AHN and the cells that compose the niche, not only in patients with these disorders but also in neurologically healthy control individuals",abstract,22,CC BY NC ND,full text,
snapyan2025,2025,Snapyan,Annals of neurology,10.1002/ana.27181,SVZ and olfactory pathway,,Immunostaining,new,post-mortem,yes,25,,,,36,,"Huntington's, Parkinson's, deep brain stimulation",,Found in adults,"Overall, our data indicate that long-term deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus promotes cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the subventricular zone that are reduced in Parkinson's disease",abstract,13,CC BY NC,full text,
zhou2025,2025,Zhou,Nature neuroscience,10.1038/s41593-025-02027-9,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,re-analysis,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,,,Found in adults,We further identified human-specific transcriptomic features of imGCs,abstract,24,CC BY NC ND,abstract,Machine-learning re-analysis of published single-nucleus datasets across species.
disouky2026,2026,Disouky,Nature,10.1038/s41586-026-10169-4,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,12,,Also preclinical and clinical Alzheimer's disease,,Found in adults,"we analysed the profiles of 355,997 nuclei isolated from the hippocampus samples and identified neural stem cells, neuroblasts and immature granule neurons",abstract,53,CC BY NC ND,full text,"Young adults, healthy aged adults and SuperAgers (80 or older with exceptional memory)."
tosoni2026,2026,Tosoni,Cell stem cell,10.1016/j.stem.2026.04.002,Hippocampus,,Single-cell RNA,new,post-mortem,yes,,,,,,,Also Alzheimer's disease and resilience,,Found in adults,we identified persistent populations of immature neurons across all donor groups,abstract,13,CC BY,abstract,