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What does an IQ score actually mean?

Enter a score and every number updates at once — percentile, band, rarity and the range it realistically sits in.

Measured on

Wechsler (WAIS/WISC) and Stanford-Binet 5 both use SD 15.

Percentile 50.0% score lower
Band Average classification
Rarity 1 in 2 score this high or higher
95% range 91–109 at r = .90

Where it sits in the population

Hover the chart to read any point.

Normal distribution of IQ scores with the selected score marked. 557085 100115130 145
Population distribution Your score 95% confidence range

How far that number could move

Every test carries measurement error. Drag reliability to see the range widen.

r = .90 · good online test

91 – 109

Lower extreme Below average Average Above average Gifted
5570 85100 115130 145

A score of 100 from a test with reliability .90 really means 91–109 — which stays inside Average.

The toolkit

Seven tools, one shared set of maths

Every calculator here runs off the same constants and the same curve, so no two can ever contradict each other. Start with the question you actually came with.

“What does my score actually mean?” IQ Percentile Calculator Start here The one most people need. Enter a score and get its percentile, how rare it is, which band it falls in, and — the part almost every other calculator leaves out — the range the number realistically sits in. It converts in both directions, so you can also enter a percentile and get the score. You entera score or a percentile You getpercentile · rarity · band · 95% range ScalesSD 15 · SD 16 · SD 24 Open the calculator

“Where do I sit among everyone?” IQ Bell Curve Drag along the distribution itself and watch the bands, areas and percentages respond. The clearest way to see why the same ten points means something different in the middle than it does at the edge. Drag directly on the curve Compare two points at once Shaded area between them Open the bell curve “Why is my number different elsewhere?” IQ Score Converter The same ability is 130 on a Wechsler test, 132 on an older Stanford-Binet and 148 on Cattell III B. See your score on all three scales at once, with one line threaded through to prove the position never moves. SD 15, SD 16 and Cattell III B The percentile that stays identical Confidence range converts too Convert a score “Is this gap between us real?” IQ Comparison Subtracting one score from another is not a comparison. This checks the gap against the margin of error and gives a straight verdict — a ten-point gap usually does not survive it. Real or too close to call How many people sit between Both confidence ranges drawn Compare two scores “I took a test years ago — still valid?” Old Test, New Norms Test norms go stale, so an old score reads higher than it should. Enter the year the test was calibrated and see what the same performance is worth on today’s scale — with the honest range, because the drift rate is disputed. Five published drift rates, all named Never one hidden constant Decade-by-decade breakdown Adjust an old score “Does my IQ fall as I get older?” IQ and Age Average IQ is 100 at every age by construction, because tests re-score you against your own age group. What actually moves is underneath: reasoning drifts down from about thirty while knowledge climbs into your sixties. Drag through a whole lifetime Reported score vs raw performance Why “average IQ by age” charts are wrong See the lifespan “Will my child score like me?” Regression to the Mean Two parents averaging 130 have children centring on 118 — and the honest answer is a fifty-point range, not a number. The one page in this category that shows you the range instead of hiding it. The interval is the headline Works upward from low scores too Why every predictor overclaims See how it works
Every tool at a glance — what you put in, and what comes back.
Tool Answers You enter You get
Percentile Calculator What does my score mean? A score or a percentile Percentile, rarity, band, 95% range
Bell Curve Where do I sit among everyone? A score, dragged on the curve Position, bands, area between two points
Score Converter Why is my number different elsewhere? A score and its scale The same score on SD 15, 16 and 24
IQ Comparison Is the gap between two scores real? Two scores and a reliability A verdict, plus the share of people between
Old Test, New Norms Is my old score still valid? A score and its norming year Today’s equivalent, with an honest range
IQ and Age Does IQ change as I get older? An age and a score Reported IQ vs raw reasoning and knowledge
Regression to the Mean Will my child score like me? Two parent scores The child’s likely range, and why

How we report numbers

Three things every number here carries with it

Most IQ calculators give you a bare number. A bare number cannot be interpreted, and it is the reason two sites can hand the same person two different answers.

The scale it was measured on

The same ability is 130 on a Wechsler test, 132 on an older Stanford-Binet, and 148 on Cattell III B. An IQ number without its standard deviation is not interpretable.

The range it sits in

No test returns a single true value. A score of 120 from a test with reliability .90 really means 111–129. Reporting the point and hiding the range is the most common omission in this category.

Where the model stops

Above three standard deviations the curve is an extrapolation, not a count. We cap what we report there rather than printing a false precision like “1 in 31,574”.

The most common mistake

Why two sites give you two different numbers

They are usually not disagreeing about your ability. They are printing it on different rulers and not saying which.

The same ability expressed on three standard-deviation scales
Wechsler · SD 15 Stanford-Binet L-M · SD 16 Cattell III B · SD 24 Percentile
85 84 76 15.866%
100 100 100 50.000%
115 116 124 84.134%
130 132 148 97.725%
145 148 172 99.865%

Mensa’s entry requirement is the 98th percentile — not a score. That is why the qualifying number is 132 on a Wechsler test and 148 on Cattell III B. Three numbers, one ability.

Note that Stanford-Binet 5 — the current edition — uses SD 15, not 16. SD 16 belongs to the retired L-M and fourth editions. Sites that apply SD 16 to a modern Stanford-Binet score report the wrong percentile.

Questions

IQ scores, answered plainly

What does an IQ percentile actually mean?

Your percentile is the share of the population that scores below you. An IQ of 115 sits at the 84.1st percentile, which means roughly 84 people in 100 score lower and about 1 in 6.3 score that high or higher. Percentile is more useful than the raw IQ number because it does not depend on which scale the test used.

Why do different IQ tests give me different numbers?

Because they use different standard deviations. The same ability is 130 on a Wechsler test, 132 on an older Stanford-Binet, and 148 on Cattell III B. All three are the 97.7th percentile. An IQ number is only meaningful when the scale it was measured on is stated alongside it — the score converter shows any score on all three at once.

How accurate is a single IQ score?

Less precise than most people assume. Every test has a standard error of measurement, so a result is a range rather than a point. A score of 120 from a test with a reliability of .90 corresponds to a 95% confidence range of about 111 to 129. This means a five-point difference between two people, or between two sittings, is not a meaningful difference. The comparison tool checks whether a specific gap clears that margin.

Is an IQ of 120 good?

An IQ of 120 on an SD 15 scale sits at the 90.9th percentile, so about 1 in 11 people score that high or higher. It falls in the above-average band. It is a strong result, but the confidence range around it matters as much as the number itself.

What is the average IQ?

The average IQ is 100 by definition. Tests are standardised so that the mean of the population is set to 100, and they are normed within age bands, which means the average stays at 100 at every age. About two thirds of people score between 85 and 115. See IQ and age for what actually changes across a lifetime.

Does IQ change as you get older?

The number a test reports does not systematically change, because tests are age-normed — every age band is re-centred on 100. What does change is raw performance: fluid reasoning drifts down from about age 30, while crystallised knowledge keeps rising into your sixties. Any “average IQ by age” table showing different averages per age is measuring something other than IQ. The IQ and age tool plots both.

Is an IQ score from years ago still valid?

The score is valid for the year it was taken, but the norms behind it go stale. Population performance drifts upward, so an older test compares you with a lower-performing reference group and returns a higher number. A test normed in 1990 typically reads about 8 points high on today’s scale. Old Test, New Norms converts it, and shows the honest range because the drift rate is disputed.

Will my child have a similar IQ to mine?

Usually closer to average than you are — in both directions. Two parents averaging 130 have children centring on about 118, and two averaging 70 have children centring on about 82. This is regression to the mean, and the honest answer is a range roughly fifty points wide rather than a single number. See why.

Are these IQ tools free?

Yes. All seven calculators run entirely in your browser, are free to use, and need no account. Nothing you enter is sent anywhere.

These tools interpret
a score. Get a real one.

Everything above works on a number you already have. To measure one properly, take the assessment — your score, percentile and full performance report are minutes away.

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