IQ Metrics
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One ability. Three numbers.

An IQ score means nothing without the scale it was measured on. Enter yours once and watch it land in the same place on every scale — while the number printed there changes completely.

Measured on

r = .90 · good online test

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The same person, on every scale

The dashed line does not move between rails. Only the numbers printed under it do.

SD 15 Wechsler (WAIS/WISC) · Stanford-Binet 5 130121–139

557085100115130145

SD 16 Stanford-Binet L-M / IV (retired) 132122–142

526884100116132148

SD 24 Cattell III B 148133–163

285276100124148172

Your score 95% range — same width on every scale

Identical on every scale 97.7% score lower
BandGifted
Rarity1 in 44 score this high or higher

A score of 130 on SD 15 is the same ability as 130 on SD 15, 132 on SD 16, 148 on SD 24. All three describe the same person: 97.7% of people score lower.

Converting does not add precision. At r = .90 the 95% range is 121–139 on SD 15, and it converts along with the score rather than shrinking.

The mechanism

Why one ability has three different numbers

An IQ score is not a measurement like centimetres. It is a rank, re-expressed on whatever ruler the test publisher chose. Change the ruler and the number changes, even though nothing about the person did.

1 Everything starts as a rank

Your raw answers are turned into a position in the population — how far above or below the average you sit, measured in standard deviations. That position is the only real quantity.

2 The scale is a choice, not a fact

Wechsler decided one standard deviation would be worth 15 points. Cattell III B decided 24. Neither is more correct. The same position simply gets stamped with a different number.

3 The percentile is what survives

Because the percentile is the position itself, it is identical on every scale. If you only quote one number from a report, quote that one — it cannot be misread.

Reference

Common conversions at a glance

Read across a row and every cell is the same person. The percentile column is the anchor: it is what the other three columns are all trying to express.

Equivalent IQ scores across the three scales in common use.
Percentile SD 15 Wechsler · SB5 SD 16 SB L-M (retired) SD 24 Cattell III B Rarity
2.28% 70 68 52 1 in 44 below
15.87% 85 84 76 1 in 6 below
50% 100 100 100 the middle
84.13% 115 116 124 1 in 6 above
90.88% 120 121.3 132 1 in 11 above
97.73% 130 132 148 1 in 44 above
99.62% 140 142.7 164 1 in 261 above
99.87% 145 148 172 1 in 741 above

The row that causes the most confusion is the highlighted one. Mensa’s published entry requirement is the 98th percentile, and because that percentile is a different number on every ruler, the qualifying score has to be stated separately for each test — around 130–132 on SD 15 and SD 16 tests, and 148 on Cattell III B. Someone quoting “148” is not claiming a higher ability than someone quoting “130”; they are quoting a different scale. Note also that 130 on SD 15 is strictly the 97.73rd percentile, not the 98th — the 98th is 130.81.

Questions

Converting IQ scores, answered

How do I convert an IQ score between scales?

Convert the score to a z-score first — subtract 100 and divide by the standard deviation of the scale it came from — then multiply by the standard deviation of the scale you want and add 100. The converter above does this in both directions. An IQ of 130 on an SD 15 test is z = 2.0, which is 132 on an SD 16 test and 148 on Cattell III B.

What is the difference between SD 15 and SD 16 IQ scores?

Only the size of one standard deviation. SD 15 is used by the Wechsler tests (WAIS and WISC) and by Stanford-Binet 5. SD 16 was used by the older Stanford-Binet L-M and fourth edition, which are retired. The gap between them is small near the average and grows at the extremes: 100 is 100 on both, but 145 on SD 15 is 148 on SD 16.

Why is my Cattell III B score so much higher?

Because Cattell III B uses a standard deviation of 24 instead of 15, so every point of ability is worth more points of score. A Cattell 148 and a Wechsler 130 are the same result — both are two standard deviations above the mean, and both are the 97.73rd percentile. Comparing the raw numbers without the scale is the single most common IQ mistake.

Does converting my score make it more accurate?

No, and the converter shows this deliberately. The 95% confidence range converts along with the score, so it stays exactly as wide in relative terms. A score of 130 with a range of 121–139 becomes 148 with a range of 133–163 — the uncertainty travels with you. Converting changes the units, never the certainty.

Which IQ scale should I quote?

Quote the percentile. It is the one figure that is identical on every scale and cannot be misread as higher or lower than it is. If you do quote an IQ number, always name the scale beside it — “130 on SD 15” is meaningful, “130” on its own is not.

Is this IQ converter free?

Yes. It runs entirely in your browser, is free to use and needs no account. Nothing you type is sent anywhere.

Converting a number
you were given.

This tool translates a score you already have. Take the assessment to get one measured properly — with the scale, the percentile and the confidence range stated up front.

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