Data studyIntelligence testing · Version 2026.11.1

Which IQ test do scientists use? The Wechsler scales, in 16,721 papers

We counted the papers that name each of 38 IQ and cognitive tests, 1990-2025, in OpenAlex and PubMed: which test leads, how fast Raven’s is catching up, and how long researchers keep using replaced editions.

By Leon Falkner, Data & Research Analyst · Reviewed by Aarav Vardhan, Editor-in-Chief · Published 5 November 2026 · 14 min read

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About this study

Report type: Data study from two bibliographic indexes
Data: 38 tests and editions, papers 1990-2025 in OpenAlex and PubMed, random samples of 20 papers for the riskiest tests
Compared with: Nine IQ-test families and two dementia screeners (MMSE, MoCA) as a contrast
Years: 1990-2025; indexes queried on 5 November 2026
Licence: CC BY 4.0 (our dataset and charts)
Version: 2026.11.1
Sources: 10

Short answer

Researchers use the Wechsler scales more than any other IQ test: 16,721 papers name one, 63% of all mentions of a major IQ test, 1990-2025. Raven’s Progressive Matrices is second with 3,290 papers. IQ Metrics Research counted 38 named tests in OpenAlex and PubMed, and checked a random sample of hits. Counts show use, not accuracy.

38 testsWechsler 16,721 papers2 indexesCC BY 4.0

16,721papers name a Wechsler scale, the most-named IQ test family, 1990-2025

60%of 2020-25 papers naming a WAIS or WISC edition name a replaced one

7.6xmore papers name the MMSE dementia screener than the WAIS

01 Key findings

The Wechsler scales are the most-named IQ tests: 16,721 papers, 63% of all test mentions. The WAIS alone is named in 7,581 papers and the WISC in 7,123.OpenAlex; IQ Metrics calculation
Raven’s matrices climbed from 8% to 15% of IQ-test mentions between 1990-94 and 2020-25, while the Wechsler share slipped from 68% to 60%.OpenAlex; IQ Metrics calculation
60% of 2020-25 papers that name a WAIS or WISC edition name a replaced one. Researchers keep citing the edition they used before: WISC-V took more than 11 years to overtake WISC-IV.OpenAlex; IQ Metrics calculation
The most-named cognitive test is not an IQ test. The MMSE dementia screener is named in 57,534 papers and the MoCA in 21,045, against 7,581 for the WAIS.OpenAlex; IQ Metrics calculation
Two indexes agree on the order. OpenAlex and PubMed correlate at r = 0.96 across 38 tests, and 50% of sampled hits really name the test.IQ Metrics calculation

02 Statistics to quote

16,721

papers (1990-2025) whose title or abstract names a Wechsler scale: the most of any test family (OpenAlex).

IQ Metrics calculation

63%

of all mentions of nine IQ-test families in research papers are of a Wechsler scale (a paper naming two families counts in both).

IQ Metrics calculation

3,290

papers name Raven’s Progressive Matrices, the second most used family, up from 8% to 15% of mentions between 1990-94 and 2020-25.

IQ Metrics calculation

more papers named an IQ test in 2025 (1,110) than in 1990 (390).

IQ Metrics calculation

7,581

papers name the WAIS, the single most-named line; the WISC follows with 7,123.

IQ Metrics calculation

60%

of 2020-25 papers that name a WAIS or WISC edition name one that had been replaced (1,213 of 2,034).

IQ Metrics calculation

57,534

papers name the MMSE, a dementia screener and not an IQ test: 7.6x the WAIS.

IQ Metrics calculation

r = 0.96

correlation between OpenAlex and PubMed counts across 38 tests (log scale).

IQ Metrics calculation

50%

of 117 sampled papers really name the test searched for; 48% name it as the measure used.

IQ Metrics calculation

46 of 50

countries with 40 or more papers have the Wechsler scales as the most-named of five families.

IQ Metrics calculation

11+ years

for WISC-V (released 2014) to overtake WISC-IV in papers.

IQ Metrics calculation

21,422

test-line mentions in the 22 lines we searched (a paper naming two lines counts twice).

IQ Metrics dataset

03 What is the most used IQ test in research?

The Wechsler scales are the most used IQ tests in research: 16,721 journal articles and reviews published 1990-2025 name one of them in the title or abstract, 63% of all mentions of nine IQ-test families (a paper naming two families counts twice) ^[1]. The WAIS, the adult scale, is named in 7,581 papers and the WISC, the children’s scale, in 7,123. We counted papers, not people, and a paper that names two test families is counted in both.

Raven’s Progressive Matrices comes second with 3,290 papers, then the reading-based estimates of earlier ability (NART, WTAR, TOPF) with 1,953, the Kaufman tests (1,188), Stanford-Binet (1,086) and Woodcock-Johnson (950). Below them sit the nonverbal and culture-fair tests and the brief and open tests such as the Wonderlic and the International Cognitive Ability Resource. The WAIS-5 and WAIS-IV explainer and the WISC-V explainer say what these tests measure; this page only counts who uses them.

Figure 1

The WAIS, the WISC and Raven's matrices hold the top three places in every period since 1990

Rank of the 13 test lines that reached the top 10 in some period, among 22 lines, by papers a year (1 = most papers). The WAIS and the WISC hold ranks 1 and 2 (swapping places) and Raven's matrices rank 3 in all seven periods; the WASI climbs from 16 to 4 and the Stanford-Binet falls from 4 to 7. OpenAlex papers naming the test in the title or abstract, ranks by IQ Metrics, as of 5 November 2026.

Raven's matricesWAISOther tests

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; ranks by IQ Metrics

Data table

test line	1990-94	95-99	2000-04	05-09	10-14	15-19	2020-25
WISC	2	2	2	2	1	2	1
WAIS	1	1	1	1	2	1	2
Raven's matrices	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
WASI			9	7	6	4	4
NART	7	5	7	4	4	5	5
WPPSI	5	6	6	8	5	6	6
Stanford-Binet	4	4	8	9	9	9	7
Woodcock-Johnson	8	8	4	5	7	8	8
K-ABC / KABC-II	6	7	5	6	8	7	9
TOPF				10	10	10	10
Cattell Culture Fair	9	10	10
K-BIT / KBIT-2		9
Shipley	10

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>The WAIS, the WISC and Raven&#x27;s matrices hold the top three places in every period since 1990</strong></p><table><tr><th>test line</th><th>1990-94</th><th>95-99</th><th>2000-04</th><th>05-09</th><th>10-14</th><th>15-19</th><th>2020-25</th></tr><tr><td>WISC</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>WAIS</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>WASI</td><td></td><td></td><td>9</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>4</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>NART</td><td>7</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>WPPSI</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>8</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>K-ABC / KABC-II</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>TOPF</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>10</td><td>10</td><td>10</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Cattell Culture Fair</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>K-BIT / KBIT-2</td><td></td><td>9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Shipley</td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-bump">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

The order at the top has not changed in 35 years: the WAIS and the WISC take ranks 1 and 2 (the WISC leads in 2010-14 and 2020-25) and Raven’s matrices rank 3 by papers a year in every one of seven periods from 1990-94 to 2020-25 ^[1]. Further down the ranks move: the Stanford-Binet fell from 4 to 7. The abbreviated WASI (16 to 4) and the NART (7 to 5) also climb, but they are the least precise searches here (44% of sampled hits name the test for WASI and 22% of sampled hits name the test for NART), so read their ranks as ceilings. In 2020-25 the WAIS appeared in about 238 papers a year, the WISC in 273 and Raven’s in 158, up from 139, 105 and 32 in 1990-94 (IQ Metrics calculation).

Figure 2

Papers naming an IQ test grew about 3x between 1990 and 2025, and the Wechsler scales kept the biggest slice

Journal articles and reviews a year whose title or abstract names a test, by family, 1990-2025. A paper that names two families is counted in both. In 2025: 1,110 papers, 660 of them naming a Wechsler scale. OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026.

'90

'91

'92

'93

'94

'95

'96

'97

'98

'99

'00

'01

'02

'03

'04

'05

'06

'07

'08

'09

'10

'11

'12

'13

'14

'15

'16

'17

'18

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'21

'22

'23

'24

'25

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; family totals by IQ Metrics

Data table

year	Wechsler scales	Stanford-Binet	Raven's matrices	Woodcock-Johnson	Kaufman tests	DAS and RIAS	Nonverbal and culture-fair	Brief and open tests	Reading-based estimates	total
1990	254	37	25	13	21	5	12	8	15	390
1991	236	34	45	6	18	4	6	5	14	368
1992	274	26	26	8	20	2	6	5	12	379
1993	250	30	34	13	13	1	7	6	10	364
1994	269	25	28	11	17	0	7	7	12	376
1995	284	11	37	13	27	6	6	3	15	402
1996	314	37	39	12	19	5	4	7	25	462
1997	283	14	30	12	17	2	8	7	35	408
1998	296	12	52	9	16	1	14	7	20	427
1999	273	35	25	17	23	8	8	5	25	419
2000	307	16	34	21	19	4	14	8	27	450
2001	280	13	43	21	25	3	13	7	14	419
2002	289	16	72	28	23	5	17	3	21	474
2003	342	15	57	21	35	3	11	7	34	525
2004	349	20	80	24	31	4	12	8	25	553
2005	372	17	63	24	32	5	14	8	31	566
2006	414	22	67	33	36	4	13	9	58	656
2007	436	11	64	30	35	7	20	6	45	654
2008	502	23	89	31	47	11	17	20	71	811
2009	530	26	97	36	41	13	16	12	47	818
2010	588	25	101	37	31	7	23	8	64	884
2011	545	26	133	30	33	8	24	12	70	881
2012	572	28	137	42	43	6	13	10	95	946
2013	682	29	127	35	43	9	33	5	80	1043
2014	588	36	134	46	39	7	26	5	57	938
2015	721	26	155	45	56	8	32	7	84	1134
2016	646	34	141	44	54	16	35	13	115	1098
2017	662	35	161	36	62	8	24	5	88	1081
2018	648	33	113	35	66	12	32	10	71	1020
2019	708	37	133	39	56	7	31	13	101	1125
2020	631	46	182	40	35	12	23	10	121	1100
2021	674	50	131	42	39	15	23	8	80	1062
2022	554	64	142	28	37	7	36	5	84	957
2023	670	43	135	29	25	12	16	7	103	1040
2024	618	72	155	11	29	13	24	12	98	1032
2025	660	62	203	28	25	5	31	10	86	1110

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>Papers naming an IQ test grew about 3x between 1990 and 2025, and the Wechsler scales kept the biggest slice</strong></p><table><tr><th>year</th><th>Wechsler scales</th><th>Stanford-Binet</th><th>Raven&#x27;s matrices</th><th>Woodcock-Johnson</th><th>Kaufman tests</th><th>DAS and RIAS</th><th>Nonverbal and culture-fair</th><th>Brief and open tests</th><th>Reading-based estimates</th><th>total</th></tr><tr><td>1990</td><td>254</td><td>37</td><td>25</td><td>13</td><td>21</td><td>5</td><td>12</td><td>8</td><td>15</td><td>390</td></tr><tr><td>1991</td><td>236</td><td>34</td><td>45</td><td>6</td><td>18</td><td>4</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>14</td><td>368</td></tr><tr><td>1992</td><td>274</td><td>26</td><td>26</td><td>8</td><td>20</td><td>2</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>12</td><td>379</td></tr><tr><td>1993</td><td>250</td><td>30</td><td>34</td><td>13</td><td>13</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>6</td><td>10</td><td>364</td></tr><tr><td>1994</td><td>269</td><td>25</td><td>28</td><td>11</td><td>17</td><td>0</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>12</td><td>376</td></tr><tr><td>1995</td><td>284</td><td>11</td><td>37</td><td>13</td><td>27</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>3</td><td>15</td><td>402</td></tr><tr><td>1996</td><td>314</td><td>37</td><td>39</td><td>12</td><td>19</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>7</td><td>25</td><td>462</td></tr><tr><td>1997</td><td>283</td><td>14</td><td>30</td><td>12</td><td>17</td><td>2</td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>35</td><td>408</td></tr><tr><td>1998</td><td>296</td><td>12</td><td>52</td><td>9</td><td>16</td><td>1</td><td>14</td><td>7</td><td>20</td><td>427</td></tr><tr><td>1999</td><td>273</td><td>35</td><td>25</td><td>17</td><td>23</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>5</td><td>25</td><td>419</td></tr><tr><td>2000</td><td>307</td><td>16</td><td>34</td><td>21</td><td>19</td><td>4</td><td>14</td><td>8</td><td>27</td><td>450</td></tr><tr><td>2001</td><td>280</td><td>13</td><td>43</td><td>21</td><td>25</td><td>3</td><td>13</td><td>7</td><td>14</td><td>419</td></tr><tr><td>2002</td><td>289</td><td>16</td><td>72</td><td>28</td><td>23</td><td>5</td><td>17</td><td>3</td><td>21</td><td>474</td></tr><tr><td>2003</td><td>342</td><td>15</td><td>57</td><td>21</td><td>35</td><td>3</td><td>11</td><td>7</td><td>34</td><td>525</td></tr><tr><td>2004</td><td>349</td><td>20</td><td>80</td><td>24</td><td>31</td><td>4</td><td>12</td><td>8</td><td>25</td><td>553</td></tr><tr><td>2005</td><td>372</td><td>17</td><td>63</td><td>24</td><td>32</td><td>5</td><td>14</td><td>8</td><td>31</td><td>566</td></tr><tr><td>2006</td><td>414</td><td>22</td><td>67</td><td>33</td><td>36</td><td>4</td><td>13</td><td>9</td><td>58</td><td>656</td></tr><tr><td>2007</td><td>436</td><td>11</td><td>64</td><td>30</td><td>35</td><td>7</td><td>20</td><td>6</td><td>45</td><td>654</td></tr><tr><td>2008</td><td>502</td><td>23</td><td>89</td><td>31</td><td>47</td><td>11</td><td>17</td><td>20</td><td>71</td><td>811</td></tr><tr><td>2009</td><td>530</td><td>26</td><td>97</td><td>36</td><td>41</td><td>13</td><td>16</td><td>12</td><td>47</td><td>818</td></tr><tr><td>2010</td><td>588</td><td>25</td><td>101</td><td>37</td><td>31</td><td>7</td><td>23</td><td>8</td><td>64</td><td>884</td></tr><tr><td>2011</td><td>545</td><td>26</td><td>133</td><td>30</td><td>33</td><td>8</td><td>24</td><td>12</td><td>70</td><td>881</td></tr><tr><td>2012</td><td>572</td><td>28</td><td>137</td><td>42</td><td>43</td><td>6</td><td>13</td><td>10</td><td>95</td><td>946</td></tr><tr><td>2013</td><td>682</td><td>29</td><td>127</td><td>35</td><td>43</td><td>9</td><td>33</td><td>5</td><td>80</td><td>1043</td></tr><tr><td>2014</td><td>588</td><td>36</td><td>134</td><td>46</td><td>39</td><td>7</td><td>26</td><td>5</td><td>57</td><td>938</td></tr><tr><td>2015</td><td>721</td><td>26</td><td>155</td><td>45</td><td>56</td><td>8</td><td>32</td><td>7</td><td>84</td><td>1134</td></tr><tr><td>2016</td><td>646</td><td>34</td><td>141</td><td>44</td><td>54</td><td>16</td><td>35</td><td>13</td><td>115</td><td>1098</td></tr><tr><td>2017</td><td>662</td><td>35</td><td>161</td><td>36</td><td>62</td><td>8</td><td>24</td><td>5</td><td>88</td><td>1081</td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td>648</td><td>33</td><td>113</td><td>35</td><td>66</td><td>12</td><td>32</td><td>10</td><td>71</td><td>1020</td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>708</td><td>37</td><td>133</td><td>39</td><td>56</td><td>7</td><td>31</td><td>13</td><td>101</td><td>1125</td></tr><tr><td>2020</td><td>631</td><td>46</td><td>182</td><td>40</td><td>35</td><td>12</td><td>23</td><td>10</td><td>121</td><td>1100</td></tr><tr><td>2021</td><td>674</td><td>50</td><td>131</td><td>42</td><td>39</td><td>15</td><td>23</td><td>8</td><td>80</td><td>1062</td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td>554</td><td>64</td><td>142</td><td>28</td><td>37</td><td>7</td><td>36</td><td>5</td><td>84</td><td>957</td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>670</td><td>43</td><td>135</td><td>29</td><td>25</td><td>12</td><td>16</td><td>7</td><td>103</td><td>1040</td></tr><tr><td>2024</td><td>618</td><td>72</td><td>155</td><td>11</td><td>29</td><td>13</td><td>24</td><td>12</td><td>98</td><td>1032</td></tr><tr><td>2025</td><td>660</td><td>62</td><td>203</td><td>28</td><td>25</td><td>5</td><td>31</td><td>10</td><td>86</td><td>1110</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-stack">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

The literature is much larger than it was. Papers naming an IQ test grew from 390 in 1990 to 1,110 in 2025, about 3 times, in all nine families together ^[1]; much of that growth is OpenAlex indexing more journals, so the shares in the next sections say more than the raw growth does. Counts show how often researchers name a test, not how good it is: a test can be common because it is old, cheap, available in many languages or required by a clinic’s rules.

IQ test (intelligence test): A standardised set of tasks whose scores are compared with a norm group of the same age. The tests here are the ones researchers name as intelligence tests; dementia screeners are a separate contrast group.
Wechsler scales: The family of individually given tests by David Wechsler: the WAIS (adults), the WISC (children 6-16), the WPPSI (preschool) and the WASI (an abbreviated form). Each has several numbered editions.
Edition: A numbered revision of a test with new items and a new norm group, such as WAIS-III (1997), WAIS-IV (2008) and WAIS-5 (2024). The Flynn effect explainer says why norms are renewed.
Superseded edition: An edition that the publisher has replaced. Papers still use them because the data were collected earlier, a clinic keeps the old kit, or a study repeats an older design.
Raven's Progressive Matrices: A nonverbal test of abstract reasoning, with the Coloured, Standard and Advanced forms and Raven’s 2. See Raven’s scores explained.
Precision: The share of papers found by a search that really name the test. Our precision check reads a seeded random sample of 20 OpenAlex hits for each of the tests most at risk of false hits.
Screener: A short cognitive check for impairment, such as the MMSE or the MoCA. It is not an IQ test.
Paper: A journal article or review in OpenAlex, not retracted, with the test named in its title or abstract (stemmed phrase match).

04 What types of IQ tests are there, and how many papers use each?

Researchers name nine families of IQ test, and the Wechsler scales take 60 of every 100 recent mentions: of 100 papers published 2020-25 that name a test family, 60% name a Wechsler scale, 15% Raven’s matrices and 3% a Kaufman test ^[1]. The families differ in what they ask people to do, not just in who sells them.

Figure 3

Of every 100 recent IQ-test mentions in research papers, 60 are of a Wechsler scale

Each square is one percent of the 6,301 test mentions in papers published 2020-25 (nine families; a paper that names two counts twice). Wechsler 60, Raven's 15, Stanford-Binet 5, Woodcock-Johnson 3. OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026.

100 percent of mentionsone square = one percent of mentions

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; shares by IQ Metrics

Data table

family	group	label	detail
s001	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s002	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s003	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s004	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s005	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s006	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s007	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s008	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s009	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s010	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s011	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s012	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s013	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s014	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s015	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s016	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s017	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s018	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s019	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s020	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s021	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s022	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s023	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s024	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s025	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s026	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s027	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s028	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s029	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s030	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s031	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s032	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s033	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s034	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s035	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s036	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s037	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s038	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s039	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s040	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s041	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s042	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s043	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s044	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s045	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s046	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s047	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s048	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s049	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s050	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s051	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s052	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s053	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s054	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s055	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s056	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s057	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s058	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s059	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s060	Wechsler scales (60)	Wechsler scales	Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)
s061	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s062	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s063	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s064	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s065	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s066	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s067	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s068	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s069	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s070	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s071	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s072	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s073	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s074	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s075	Raven's matrices (15)	Raven's matrices	Raven's matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)
s076	Reading-based estimates (9)	Reading-based estimates	Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)
s077	Reading-based estimates (9)	Reading-based estimates	Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)
s078	Reading-based estimates (9)	Reading-based estimates	Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)
s079	Reading-based estimates (9)	Reading-based estimates	Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)
s080	Reading-based estimates (9)	Reading-based estimates	Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>Of every 100 recent IQ-test mentions in research papers, 60 are of a Wechsler scale</strong></p><table><tr><th>family</th><th>group</th><th>label</th><th>detail</th></tr><tr><td>s001</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s002</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s003</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s004</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s005</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s006</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s007</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s008</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s009</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s010</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s011</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s012</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s013</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s014</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s015</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s016</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s017</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s018</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s019</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s020</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s021</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s022</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s023</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s024</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s025</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s026</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s027</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s028</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s029</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s030</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s031</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s032</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s033</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s034</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s035</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s036</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s037</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s038</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s039</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s040</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s041</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s042</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s043</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s044</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s045</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s046</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s047</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s048</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s049</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s050</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s051</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s052</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s053</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s054</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s055</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s056</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s057</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s058</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s059</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s060</td><td>Wechsler scales (60)</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>Wechsler scales: 60.4% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (3,807 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s061</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s062</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s063</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s064</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s065</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s066</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s067</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s068</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s069</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s070</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s071</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s072</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s073</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s074</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s075</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices (15)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices: 15.0% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (948 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s076</td><td>Reading-based estimates (9)</td><td>Reading-based estimates</td><td>Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s077</td><td>Reading-based estimates (9)</td><td>Reading-based estimates</td><td>Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s078</td><td>Reading-based estimates (9)</td><td>Reading-based estimates</td><td>Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s079</td><td>Reading-based estimates (9)</td><td>Reading-based estimates</td><td>Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)</td></tr><tr><td>s080</td><td>Reading-based estimates (9)</td><td>Reading-based estimates</td><td>Reading-based estimates: 9.1% of the 6,301 family mentions in 2020-25 (572 papers)</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-waffle">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

Wechsler scales (WAIS, WISC, WPPSI, WASI): verbal and performance subtests, one test per age group, 16,721 papers.
Raven’s matrices (Coloured, Standard, Advanced, Raven’s 2): one nonverbal pattern task, 3,290 papers.
Stanford-Binet (Fourth and Fifth Editions): the oldest line, from Alfred Binet’s 1905 scale, 1,086 papers. See the Stanford-Binet IQ test guide.
Woodcock-Johnson (III, IV, V): cognitive and achievement batteries from one norm group, 950 papers. See the Woodcock-Johnson IQ test guide.
Kaufman tests (K-ABC and KABC-II, K-BIT and KBIT-2): a children’s battery and a brief test, 1,188 papers.
Nonverbal and culture-fair tests (Cattell Culture Fair, Leiter, UNIT, TONI): little or no language, 651 test mentions. See the Leiter-3 explainer and the culture-fair IQ test.
DAS and RIAS (Differential Ability Scales, Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales): school-psychology batteries, 245 mentions. See the RIAS-2 explainer.
Brief and open tests (Wonderlic, Shipley, Mill Hill, ICAR): short, group-given or openly available, 288 mentions. The Wonderlic conversion explainer covers the best-known.
Reading-based estimates (NART, WTAR, TOPF): a reading test used to estimate earlier ability after illness, 1,953 mentions.

Table 1

Every test in our dataset: papers in two indexes, 1990-2025

One row per test or edition; the papers naming it in the title or abstract in OpenAlex and PubMed (1990-2025), OpenAlex papers in 2020-25, the peak year, and the share of sampled papers (20 each, only for the riskiest tests; n/a otherwise) that really name the test and name it as the measure. "Line" = every edition together; "edition" = one named edition. Lines and editions overlap: do not add rows. as of 5 November 2026.


MMSE (screener)	Dementia screener	line		57,534	26,409	18,695	2025	46%	46%
MoCA (screener)	Dementia screener	line	2005	21,045	10,442	13,147	2025	n/a	n/a
WAIS (any edition)	Wechsler scales	line	2008	7,581	3,582	1,427	2015	75%	62%
WISC (any edition)	Wechsler scales	line	2014	7,123	2,861	1,639	2013	75%	75%
WAIS-R	Wechsler scales	edition	1981	2,096	1,157	119	1997	n/a	n/a
WISC-IV	Wechsler scales	edition	2003	1,803	679	606	2016	n/a	n/a
CANTAB	Cognitive battery	line		1,792	1,138	633	2023	n/a	n/a
WAIS-III	Wechsler scales	edition	1997	1,716	817	264	2015	n/a	n/a
WISC-III	Wechsler scales	edition	1991	1,608	573	129	2010	n/a	n/a
NART	Reading-based estimates	line	1982	1,369	440	398	2020	22%	22%
WPPSI (any edition)	Wechsler scales	line	2012	1,301	718	398	2025	62%	62%
WAIS-IV	Wechsler scales	edition	2008	1,156	501	568	2023	n/a	n/a
WASI / WASI-II	Wechsler scales	line	2011	1,092	381	415	2019	44%	44%
Kaufman K-ABC / KABC-II	Kaufman tests	line	2004	965	342	147	2018	35%	30%
Raven’s Standard (SPM)	Raven’s matrices	edition	1938	900	274	234	2020	n/a	n/a
Raven’s Coloured (CPM)	Raven’s matrices	edition		842	410	304	2025	n/a	n/a
WISC-V	Wechsler scales	edition	2014	446	156	337	2025	n/a	n/a
Woodcock-Johnson III	Woodcock-Johnson	edition	2001	424	145	61	2015	n/a	n/a
TOPF	Reading-based estimates	line	2009	420	51	127	2023	n/a	n/a
Raven’s Advanced (APM)	Raven’s matrices	edition		412	139	88	2011	n/a	n/a
NIH Toolbox Cognition	Cognitive battery	line	2012	302	195	226	2023	n/a	n/a
Cattell Culture Fair	Nonverbal and culture-fair	line		238	82	60	2025	n/a	n/a
Leiter scales	Nonverbal and culture-fair	line	2013	230	121	57	2013	n/a	n/a
Kaufman K-BIT / KBIT-2	Kaufman tests	line	2004	223	109	43	2018	n/a	n/a
Differential Ability Scales	DAS and RIAS	line	2007	188	89	55	2021	n/a	n/a
WTAR	Reading-based estimates	line	2001	164	112	47	2023	n/a	n/a
TONI-4	Nonverbal and culture-fair	line	2010	136	8	35	2018	n/a	n/a
Wonderlic	Brief and open tests	line		121	28	12	2008	n/a	n/a
Woodcock-Johnson IV	Woodcock-Johnson	edition	2014	105	35	59	2021	n/a	n/a
Shipley scales	Brief and open tests	line	2009	91	10	15	2008	n/a	n/a
Stanford-Binet 4	Stanford-Binet	edition	1986	80	27	0	1990	n/a	n/a
RIAS / RIAS-2	DAS and RIAS	line	2015	57	17	9	2016	n/a	n/a
Stanford-Binet 5	Stanford-Binet	edition	2003	48	23	24	2025	n/a	n/a
UNIT / UNIT2	Nonverbal and culture-fair	line	2016	47	12	1	2008	n/a	n/a
Mill Hill Vocabulary	Brief and open tests	line		46	24	8	2008	n/a	n/a
ICAR (open)	Brief and open tests	line	2014	30	0	17	2016	n/a	n/a
Raven’s 2	Raven’s matrices	edition	2018	24	6	16	2025	n/a	n/a
WAIS-5	Wechsler scales	edition	2024	17	4	11	2025	n/a	n/a

Source:

05 Do researchers use Wechsler tests or Raven's Progressive Matrices more?

Wechsler tests are used far more than Raven’s Progressive Matrices: 16,721 papers against 3,290, a ratio of 5.1 to 1 over 1990-2025, down from 8.1 to 1 in 1990-94 ^[1]. The gap is narrowing because the number of Raven’s papers grew faster than the number of Wechsler papers (IQ Metrics calculation).

Figure 4

Raven's matrices went from 8% to 15% of IQ-test mentions; the Wechsler scales slipped from 68% to 60%

Share of all mentions of the nine families (a paper naming two counts in both), 1990-94 against 2020-25. Wechsler 68.3% to 60.4%, Raven's 8.4% to 15.1%, Stanford-Binet 8.1% to 5.3%. OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026; shares by IQ Metrics.

Raven's matricesWechsler scalesOther families

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; shares by IQ Metrics

Data table

family	1990-94	2020-25
Wechsler scales	68.3	60.4
Stanford-Binet	8.1	5.3
Raven's matrices	8.4	15.1
Woodcock-Johnson	2.7	2.8
Kaufman tests	4.7	3
DAS and RIAS	0.6	1
Nonverbal and culture-fair	2	2.4
Brief and open tests	1.6	0.8
Reading-based estimates	3.4	9.1

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>Raven&#x27;s matrices went from 8% to 15% of IQ-test mentions; the Wechsler scales slipped from 68% to 60%</strong></p><table><tr><th>family</th><th>1990-94</th><th>2020-25</th></tr><tr><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>68.3</td><td>60.4</td></tr><tr><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>8.1</td><td>5.3</td></tr><tr><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>8.4</td><td>15.1</td></tr><tr><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>2.7</td><td>2.8</td></tr><tr><td>Kaufman tests</td><td>4.7</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>DAS and RIAS</td><td>0.6</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Nonverbal and culture-fair</td><td>2</td><td>2.4</td></tr><tr><td>Brief and open tests</td><td>1.6</td><td>0.8</td></tr><tr><td>Reading-based estimates</td><td>3.4</td><td>9.1</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-slope">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

In 2020-25 the ratio is 4.0 to 1. The shift is not a story about one test replacing another. Raven’s matrices are used where researchers need a reasoning measure that needs no language, across countries and ages, and in psychology and neuroscience labs that cannot afford a clinician-administered battery ^[1]. The Wechsler scales dominate medicine: 41% of the Wechsler papers are in medicine, 22% of the Raven’s papers (next section). Read what a Raven’s score means before comparing the two on one person.

Figure 5

Year by year: Wechsler share down from 65% to 59%, Raven's up from 6% to 18%

Each family's share of all mentions of the nine families, per publication year 1990-2025; a paper naming two families counts in both. Small years are noisy: 1990 has 390 papers in all. OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026.

Wechsler scalesRaven's matricesStanford-BinetWoodcock-Johnson

59.518.35.62.5

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; shares by IQ Metrics

Data table

x	Wechsler scales	Raven's matrices	Stanford-Binet	Woodcock-Johnson
'90	65.1	6.4	9.5	3.3
'91	64.1	12.2	9.2	1.6
'92	72.3	6.9	6.9	2.1
'93	68.7	9.3	8.2	3.6
'94	71.5	7.5	6.7	2.9
'95	70.7	9.2	2.7	3.2
'96	68	8.4	8	2.6
'97	69.4	7.3	3.4	2.9
'98	69.3	12.2	2.8	2.1
'99	65.2	6	8.3	4.1
'00	68.2	7.6	3.6	4.7
'01	66.8	10.3	3.1	5
'02	61	15.2	3.4	5.9
'03	65.1	10.9	2.9	4
'04	63.1	14.5	3.6	4.3
'05	65.7	11.1	3	4.2
'06	63.1	10.2	3.4	5
'07	66.7	9.8	1.7	4.6
'08	61.9	11	2.8	3.8
'09	64.8	11.9	3.2	4.4
'10	66.5	11.4	2.8	4.2
'11	61.9	15.1	3	3.4
'12	60.5	14.5	3	4.4
'13	65.4	12.2	2.8	3.4
'14	62.7	14.3	3.8	4.9
'15	63.6	13.7	2.3	4
'16	58.8	12.8	3.1	4
'17	61.2	14.9	3.2	3.3
'18	63.5	11.1	3.2	3.4
'19	62.9	11.8	3.3	3.5
'20	57.4	16.6	4.2	3.6
'21	63.5	12.3	4.7	4
'22	57.9	14.8	6.7	2.9
'23	64.4	13	4.1	2.8
'24	59.9	15	7	1.1
'25	59.5	18.3	5.6	2.5

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>Year by year: Wechsler share down from 65% to 59%, Raven&#x27;s up from 6% to 18%</strong></p><table><tr><th>x</th><th>Wechsler scales</th><th>Raven&#x27;s matrices</th><th>Stanford-Binet</th><th>Woodcock-Johnson</th></tr><tr><td>&#x27;90</td><td>65.1</td><td>6.4</td><td>9.5</td><td>3.3</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;91</td><td>64.1</td><td>12.2</td><td>9.2</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;92</td><td>72.3</td><td>6.9</td><td>6.9</td><td>2.1</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;93</td><td>68.7</td><td>9.3</td><td>8.2</td><td>3.6</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;94</td><td>71.5</td><td>7.5</td><td>6.7</td><td>2.9</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;95</td><td>70.7</td><td>9.2</td><td>2.7</td><td>3.2</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;96</td><td>68</td><td>8.4</td><td>8</td><td>2.6</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;97</td><td>69.4</td><td>7.3</td><td>3.4</td><td>2.9</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;98</td><td>69.3</td><td>12.2</td><td>2.8</td><td>2.1</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;99</td><td>65.2</td><td>6</td><td>8.3</td><td>4.1</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;00</td><td>68.2</td><td>7.6</td><td>3.6</td><td>4.7</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;01</td><td>66.8</td><td>10.3</td><td>3.1</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;02</td><td>61</td><td>15.2</td><td>3.4</td><td>5.9</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;03</td><td>65.1</td><td>10.9</td><td>2.9</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;04</td><td>63.1</td><td>14.5</td><td>3.6</td><td>4.3</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;05</td><td>65.7</td><td>11.1</td><td>3</td><td>4.2</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;06</td><td>63.1</td><td>10.2</td><td>3.4</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;07</td><td>66.7</td><td>9.8</td><td>1.7</td><td>4.6</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;08</td><td>61.9</td><td>11</td><td>2.8</td><td>3.8</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;09</td><td>64.8</td><td>11.9</td><td>3.2</td><td>4.4</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;10</td><td>66.5</td><td>11.4</td><td>2.8</td><td>4.2</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;11</td><td>61.9</td><td>15.1</td><td>3</td><td>3.4</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;12</td><td>60.5</td><td>14.5</td><td>3</td><td>4.4</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;13</td><td>65.4</td><td>12.2</td><td>2.8</td><td>3.4</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;14</td><td>62.7</td><td>14.3</td><td>3.8</td><td>4.9</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;15</td><td>63.6</td><td>13.7</td><td>2.3</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;16</td><td>58.8</td><td>12.8</td><td>3.1</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;17</td><td>61.2</td><td>14.9</td><td>3.2</td><td>3.3</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;18</td><td>63.5</td><td>11.1</td><td>3.2</td><td>3.4</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;19</td><td>62.9</td><td>11.8</td><td>3.3</td><td>3.5</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;20</td><td>57.4</td><td>16.6</td><td>4.2</td><td>3.6</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;21</td><td>63.5</td><td>12.3</td><td>4.7</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;22</td><td>57.9</td><td>14.8</td><td>6.7</td><td>2.9</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;23</td><td>64.4</td><td>13</td><td>4.1</td><td>2.8</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;24</td><td>59.9</td><td>15</td><td>7</td><td>1.1</td></tr><tr><td>&#x27;25</td><td>59.5</td><td>18.3</td><td>5.6</td><td>2.5</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-line">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

06 How long do researchers keep using an old edition of an IQ test?

Old editions linger: of the 2020-25 papers that name a WAIS or WISC edition, 60% name one that had already been replaced ^[1]. WISC-V, released in 2014, had not overtaken WISC-IV by 2025; WAIS-IV, released in 2008, overtook WAIS-III in 2017, 9 years later. Researchers cite the edition their data were collected with, so a new edition takes years to reach the literature, then years more to push the old one out.

Figure 6

When each edition came out: a new edition arrives every 11 to 17 years

Release year of each edition of the four test lines with named editions (publisher catalogues), and the span in which it was the newest. WAIS-R (1981) and WISC-III (1991) start before our window. Raven's 2 (2018) replaces the older Raven forms in the publisher's catalogue; Stanford-Binet 4 dates from 1986. as of 5 November 2026.

WAIS (adults)WAIS-III (1997)WAIS-IV (2008)WAIS-5 (2024)

WISC (children)WISC-III (1991)WISC-IV (2003)WISC-V (2014)

Stanford-BinetStanford-Binet 5 (2003)

Woodcock-JohnsonWoodcock-Johnson III (2001)

Raven'sRaven's 2 (2018)

Source: Publisher catalogues ^[5] ^[6]; spans by IQ Metrics

Data table

edition	type	from	to	label	detail
WAIS (adults)	span	1990	1997	WAIS-R
WAIS (adults)	span	1997	2008	WAIS-III
WAIS (adults)	span	2008	2024	WAIS-IV
WAIS (adults)	span	2024	now	WAIS-5
WAIS (adults)	event	1997		WAIS-III (1997)	WAIS-III released in 1997
WAIS (adults)	event	2008		WAIS-IV (2008)	WAIS-IV released in 2008
WAIS (adults)	event	2024		WAIS-5 (2024)	WAIS-5 released in 2024
WISC (children)	span	1991	2003	WISC-III
WISC (children)	span	2003	2014	WISC-IV
WISC (children)	span	2014	now	WISC-V
WISC (children)	event	1991		WISC-III (1991)	WISC-III released in 1991
WISC (children)	event	2003		WISC-IV (2003)	WISC-IV released in 2003
WISC (children)	event	2014		WISC-V (2014)	WISC-V released in 2014
Stanford-Binet	span	1990	2003	Stanford-Binet 4
Stanford-Binet	span	2003	now	Stanford-Binet 5
Stanford-Binet	event	2003		Stanford-Binet 5 (2003)	Stanford-Binet 5 released in 2003
Woodcock-Johnson	span	2001	2014	Woodcock-Johnson III
Woodcock-Johnson	span	2014	now	Woodcock-Johnson IV
Woodcock-Johnson	event	2001		Woodcock-Johnson III (2001)	Woodcock-Johnson III released in 2001
Woodcock-Johnson	event	2014		Woodcock-Johnson IV (2014)	Woodcock-Johnson IV released in 2014
Raven's	span	2018	now	Raven's 2
Raven's	event	2018		Raven's 2 (2018)	Raven's 2 released in 2018

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>When each edition came out: a new edition arrives every 11 to 17 years</strong></p><table><tr><th>edition</th><th>type</th><th>from</th><th>to</th><th>label</th><th>detail</th></tr><tr><td>WAIS (adults)</td><td>span</td><td>1990</td><td>1997</td><td>WAIS-R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WAIS (adults)</td><td>span</td><td>1997</td><td>2008</td><td>WAIS-III</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WAIS (adults)</td><td>span</td><td>2008</td><td>2024</td><td>WAIS-IV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WAIS (adults)</td><td>span</td><td>2024</td><td>now</td><td>WAIS-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WAIS (adults)</td><td>event</td><td>1997</td><td></td><td>WAIS-III (1997)</td><td>WAIS-III released in 1997</td></tr><tr><td>WAIS (adults)</td><td>event</td><td>2008</td><td></td><td>WAIS-IV (2008)</td><td>WAIS-IV released in 2008</td></tr><tr><td>WAIS (adults)</td><td>event</td><td>2024</td><td></td><td>WAIS-5 (2024)</td><td>WAIS-5 released in 2024</td></tr><tr><td>WISC (children)</td><td>span</td><td>1991</td><td>2003</td><td>WISC-III</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WISC (children)</td><td>span</td><td>2003</td><td>2014</td><td>WISC-IV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WISC (children)</td><td>span</td><td>2014</td><td>now</td><td>WISC-V</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>WISC (children)</td><td>event</td><td>1991</td><td></td><td>WISC-III (1991)</td><td>WISC-III released in 1991</td></tr><tr><td>WISC (children)</td><td>event</td><td>2003</td><td></td><td>WISC-IV (2003)</td><td>WISC-IV released in 2003</td></tr><tr><td>WISC (children)</td><td>event</td><td>2014</td><td></td><td>WISC-V (2014)</td><td>WISC-V released in 2014</td></tr><tr><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>span</td><td>1990</td><td>2003</td><td>Stanford-Binet 4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>span</td><td>2003</td><td>now</td><td>Stanford-Binet 5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>event</td><td>2003</td><td></td><td>Stanford-Binet 5 (2003)</td><td>Stanford-Binet 5 released in 2003</td></tr><tr><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>span</td><td>2001</td><td>2014</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson III</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>span</td><td>2014</td><td>now</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson IV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>event</td><td>2001</td><td></td><td>Woodcock-Johnson III (2001)</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson III released in 2001</td></tr><tr><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>event</td><td>2014</td><td></td><td>Woodcock-Johnson IV (2014)</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson IV released in 2014</td></tr><tr><td>Raven&#x27;s</td><td>span</td><td>2018</td><td>now</td><td>Raven&#x27;s 2</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Raven&#x27;s</td><td>event</td><td>2018</td><td></td><td>Raven&#x27;s 2 (2018)</td><td>Raven&#x27;s 2 released in 2018</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-timeline">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

Figure 7

A new edition took 9 to 18 years to overtake the old one in papers; WISC-V has not after 11

For each edition pair: the year the newer edition was released, and the first year its papers outnumbered the older edition's (at least 5 papers). Where the newer edition had not overtaken by 2025 the dot sits at 2025. Papers naming the edition by name only; as of 5 November 2026.

Newer edition releasedNewer edition overtakes

WAIS-III replaces WAIS-R19972007

WAIS-IV replaces WAIS-III20082017

WAIS-5 replaces WAIS-IV (not yet by 2025)20242025

WISC-IV replaces WISC-III20032012

WISC-V replaces WISC-IV (not yet by 2025)20142025

Stanford-Binet 5 replaces Stanford-Binet 420032021

Woodcock-Johnson IV replaces Woodcock-Johnson III20142023

Year

Source: OpenAlex ^[1], publisher catalogues ^[5] ^[6]; lag by IQ Metrics

Data table

edition pair	Newer edition released	Newer edition overtakes
WAIS-III replaces WAIS-R	1997	2007
WAIS-IV replaces WAIS-III	2008	2017
WAIS-5 replaces WAIS-IV (not yet by 2025)	2024	2025
WISC-IV replaces WISC-III	2003	2012
WISC-V replaces WISC-IV (not yet by 2025)	2014	2025
Stanford-Binet 5 replaces Stanford-Binet 4	2003	2021
Woodcock-Johnson IV replaces Woodcock-Johnson III	2014	2023

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>A new edition took 9 to 18 years to overtake the old one in papers; WISC-V has not after 11</strong></p><table><tr><th>edition pair</th><th>Newer edition released</th><th>Newer edition overtakes</th></tr><tr><td>WAIS-III replaces WAIS-R</td><td>1997</td><td>2007</td></tr><tr><td>WAIS-IV replaces WAIS-III</td><td>2008</td><td>2017</td></tr><tr><td>WAIS-5 replaces WAIS-IV (not yet by 2025)</td><td>2024</td><td>2025</td></tr><tr><td>WISC-IV replaces WISC-III</td><td>2003</td><td>2012</td></tr><tr><td>WISC-V replaces WISC-IV (not yet by 2025)</td><td>2014</td><td>2025</td></tr><tr><td>Stanford-Binet 5 replaces Stanford-Binet 4</td><td>2003</td><td>2021</td></tr><tr><td>Woodcock-Johnson IV replaces Woodcock-Johnson III</td><td>2014</td><td>2023</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-lag">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

By test line, the share of 2020-25 papers that name a replaced edition is: WAIS 50%, WISC 69%, Stanford-Binet 0%, Woodcock-Johnson 51% (IQ Metrics calculation: for each year, an edition counts as replaced once a newer one has been out for a full year). WAIS-5 was released in 2024, so it appears in only 17 papers by the end of 2025, and WAIS-IV, the edition most clinics still use, is named in 568 ^[1] ^[5]. The same pattern is why test norms matter: a score from a replaced edition is compared with an older norm group. See the IQ score over time tool and the explainer on why norms expire.

The WAIS pair shows the pattern in numbers: WAIS-IV, released in 2008, is named in 568 papers in 2020-25 and WAIS-III, its predecessor, in 264, so the edition from 1997 still appears in about one paper for every 2.2 that name its successor ^[1] ^[5]. For the WISC the older WISC-IV (606 papers in 2020-25) is still ahead of WISC-V (337) eleven years after the newer test appeared. A replaced edition is not an error: a longitudinal study that began in 2005 must keep testing with what it started with.

Table 2

Edition by edition: when the new one overtook the old one in papers

Release year of the newer edition, the first year it had more papers than the older one (at least 5), years that took, and papers naming each in 2020-25. "Not yet": the newer edition has not overtaken by 2025 (the figure is the years since release). OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026.


WAIS-III	WAIS-R	1997	2007	10	119	264	31%
WAIS-IV	WAIS-III	2008	2017	9	264	568	32%
WAIS-5	WAIS-IV	2024	not yet	1+	568	11	98%
WISC-IV	WISC-III	2003	2012	9	129	606	18%
WISC-V	WISC-IV	2014	not yet	11+	606	337	64%
Stanford-Binet 5	Stanford-Binet 4	2003	2021	18	0	24	0%
Woodcock-Johnson IV	Woodcock-Johnson III	2014	2023	9	61	59	51%

Source:

07 Which fields of research use IQ tests?

Medicine and psychology use IQ tests most: 41% of the Wechsler papers are in medicine and 34% in psychology, while for Raven’s matrices psychology leads with 48% ^[1]. Neuroscience adds 4 to 12% of each family’s papers. OpenAlex assigns each paper one primary topic, so the shares add to 100 over all fields and the figure shows only the eight largest.

Figure 8

Medicine and psychology hold 75% of the Wechsler papers and 70% of the Raven's papers

Share of each test family's papers by OpenAlex field (the paper's primary topic), the 8 largest fields; Wechsler papers: medicine 41.3%, psychology 33.6%. Columns do not add to 100 because smaller fields are left out. OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026.

WechslerWEBinetSBRaven'sRAWJWJKaufmanKAMMSE/MoCAMMMedicine41.3%34.6%22.1%20.1%27.1%70.1%Psychology33.6%36.0%48.0%47.2%42.6%3.0%Neuroscience7.3%12.1%9.2%4.3%7.5%5.8%Engineering0.6%0.4%0.8%0.1%1.3%7.8%Health Professions0.8%0.3%1.0%1.3%0.8%3.7%Computer Science1.0%0.2%1.8%0.6%0.8%3.1%Social Sciences3.2%3.4%5.1%13.2%5.2%1.2%Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology2.6%5.7%0.9%0.8%1.5%1.0%

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; shares by IQ Metrics

Data table

field	Wechsler	Stanford-Binet	Raven's	Woodcock-Johnson	Kaufman	MMSE and MoCA (contrast)
Medicine	41.3	34.6	22.1	20.1	27.1	70.1
Psychology	33.6	36	48	47.2	42.6	3
Neuroscience	7.3	12.1	9.2	4.3	7.5	5.8
Engineering	0.6	0.4	0.8	0.1	1.3	7.8
Health Professions	0.8	0.3	1	1.3	0.8	3.7
Computer Science	1	0.2	1.8	0.6	0.8	3.1
Social Sciences	3.2	3.4	5.1	13.2	5.2	1.2
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology	2.6	5.7	0.9	0.8	1.5	1

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>Medicine and psychology hold 75% of the Wechsler papers and 70% of the Raven&#x27;s papers</strong></p><table><tr><th>field</th><th>Wechsler</th><th>Stanford-Binet</th><th>Raven&#x27;s</th><th>Woodcock-Johnson</th><th>Kaufman</th><th>MMSE and MoCA (contrast)</th></tr><tr><td>Medicine</td><td>41.3</td><td>34.6</td><td>22.1</td><td>20.1</td><td>27.1</td><td>70.1</td></tr><tr><td>Psychology</td><td>33.6</td><td>36</td><td>48</td><td>47.2</td><td>42.6</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Neuroscience</td><td>7.3</td><td>12.1</td><td>9.2</td><td>4.3</td><td>7.5</td><td>5.8</td></tr><tr><td>Engineering</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.4</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.1</td><td>1.3</td><td>7.8</td></tr><tr><td>Health Professions</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.3</td><td>1</td><td>1.3</td><td>0.8</td><td>3.7</td></tr><tr><td>Computer Science</td><td>1</td><td>0.2</td><td>1.8</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.8</td><td>3.1</td></tr><tr><td>Social Sciences</td><td>3.2</td><td>3.4</td><td>5.1</td><td>13.2</td><td>5.2</td><td>1.2</td></tr><tr><td>Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology</td><td>2.6</td><td>5.7</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.8</td><td>1.5</td><td>1</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-heat">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

Figure 9

Medicine feeds the Wechsler scales most; psychology feeds Raven's, Woodcock-Johnson and the Kaufman tests

Papers naming each of five test families, by the field of the paper (left) and the family (right). Width = papers; a paper naming two families appears twice. Six fields and "other fields". OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026.

MedicineMedicine 8,516PsychologyPsych. 8,529NeuroscienceNeuro. 1,788EngineeringEng. 150Health ProfessionsHealth 182Computer ScienceComp. sci. 242Other fieldsOther 3,802

Wechsler scalesWechsler 16,705Stanford-BinetBinet 1,085Raven's matricesRaven's 3,289Woodcock-JohnsonWJ 950Kaufman testsKaufman 1,180

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; flows by IQ Metrics

Data table

from	to	field
Medicine	Wechsler scales	6904
Psychology	Wechsler scales	5607
Neuroscience	Wechsler scales	1225
Engineering	Wechsler scales	105
Health Professions	Wechsler scales	126
Computer Science	Wechsler scales	166
Other fields	Wechsler scales	2572
Medicine	Stanford-Binet	375
Psychology	Stanford-Binet	391
Neuroscience	Stanford-Binet	131
Engineering	Stanford-Binet	4
Health Professions	Stanford-Binet	3
Computer Science	Stanford-Binet	2
Other fields	Stanford-Binet	179
Medicine	Raven's matrices	726
Psychology	Raven's matrices	1580
Neuroscience	Raven's matrices	303
Engineering	Raven's matrices	25
Health Professions	Raven's matrices	32
Computer Science	Raven's matrices	58
Other fields	Raven's matrices	565
Medicine	Woodcock-Johnson	191
Psychology	Woodcock-Johnson	448
Neuroscience	Woodcock-Johnson	41
Engineering	Woodcock-Johnson	1
Health Professions	Woodcock-Johnson	12
Computer Science	Woodcock-Johnson	6
Other fields	Woodcock-Johnson	251
Medicine	Kaufman tests	320
Psychology	Kaufman tests	503
Neuroscience	Kaufman tests	88
Engineering	Kaufman tests	15
Health Professions	Kaufman tests	9
Computer Science	Kaufman tests	10
Other fields	Kaufman tests	235

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>Medicine feeds the Wechsler scales most; psychology feeds Raven&#x27;s, Woodcock-Johnson and the Kaufman tests</strong></p><table><tr><th>from</th><th>to</th><th>field</th></tr><tr><td>Medicine</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>6904</td></tr><tr><td>Psychology</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>5607</td></tr><tr><td>Neuroscience</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>1225</td></tr><tr><td>Engineering</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>105</td></tr><tr><td>Health Professions</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>126</td></tr><tr><td>Computer Science</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>166</td></tr><tr><td>Other fields</td><td>Wechsler scales</td><td>2572</td></tr><tr><td>Medicine</td><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>375</td></tr><tr><td>Psychology</td><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>391</td></tr><tr><td>Neuroscience</td><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>131</td></tr><tr><td>Engineering</td><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>Health Professions</td><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>Computer Science</td><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>Other fields</td><td>Stanford-Binet</td><td>179</td></tr><tr><td>Medicine</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>726</td></tr><tr><td>Psychology</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>1580</td></tr><tr><td>Neuroscience</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>303</td></tr><tr><td>Engineering</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>Health Professions</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><td>Computer Science</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>58</td></tr><tr><td>Other fields</td><td>Raven&#x27;s matrices</td><td>565</td></tr><tr><td>Medicine</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>191</td></tr><tr><td>Psychology</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>448</td></tr><tr><td>Neuroscience</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><td>Engineering</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Health Professions</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Computer Science</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>Other fields</td><td>Woodcock-Johnson</td><td>251</td></tr><tr><td>Medicine</td><td>Kaufman tests</td><td>320</td></tr><tr><td>Psychology</td><td>Kaufman tests</td><td>503</td></tr><tr><td>Neuroscience</td><td>Kaufman tests</td><td>88</td></tr><tr><td>Engineering</td><td>Kaufman tests</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><td>Health Professions</td><td>Kaufman tests</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>Computer Science</td><td>Kaufman tests</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Other fields</td><td>Kaufman tests</td><td>235</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-sankey">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

The mix explains why one test leads. A Wechsler scale is the instrument a clinician or a hospital study already has; Raven’s, Woodcock-Johnson and Kaufman papers sit mostly in psychology; the MMSE and MoCA papers (a contrast group, not IQ tests) are 70% medicine. We assign no field ourselves: the column totals are OpenAlex’s classification of each paper, and a paper that mentions a test in passing is classified by its main subject, not by the test.

08 Which countries use which IQ tests?

Authors in the United States account for 27% of the Wechsler papers and 14% of the Raven’s papers ^[1]. In 46 of the 50 countries with at least 40 papers on the five families, the Wechsler scales are the most-named; Raven’s share of those papers runs from 6% to 57%. Countries here are those of the authors’ institutions, and a paper with authors in two countries counts for both.

Figure 10

In 46 of 50 countries with 40 or more papers the Wechsler scales lead; Raven's share runs from 6% to 57%

Raven's matrices as a share of all mentions of five test families (Wechsler, Stanford-Binet, Raven's, Woodcock-Johnson, Kaufman) in papers, by country of the authors' institutions, 1990-2025; countries with 40 or more mentions. A paper naming two families counts twice, and a paper with authors in two countries counts for both. OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026.

25% or more15 to 25%8 to 15%Under 8%Under 40 papers

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; shares by IQ Metrics

Data table

country	iso2	value
United States	US	8.2
United Kingdom	GB	25
China	CN	14.9
Canada	CA	10.1
Japan	JP	12
Italy	IT	32.7
Australia	AU	19.7
Spain	ES	10.9
Brazil	BR	11
Germany	DE	20.9
France	FR	10.8
Netherlands	NL	21.9
Iran	IR	16.5
Egypt	EG	11.8
Sweden	SE	14.1
Indonesia	ID	19.1
Turkey	TR	12.6
India	IN	43.7
South Korea	KR	7.7
Norway	NO	7.6
Poland	PL	23.2
Finland	FI	12.2
Taiwan	TW	7.7
Switzerland	CH	17.1
Belgium	BE	19.3
Russia	RU	43.4
Denmark	DK	10
Mexico	MX	8.4
Israel	IL	24.3
Colombia	CO	5.5
South Africa	ZA	26.2
Greece	GR	28.1
Portugal	PT	25.9
New Zealand	NZ	17.6
Argentina	AR	11.9
Chile	CL	21.2
Austria	AT	31.8
Saudi Arabia	SA	47.1
Thailand	TH	25.3
Pakistan	PK	42.3
Ireland	IE	16.9
Ecuador	EC	12.7
Malaysia	MY	44.6
Hong Kong	HK	30.6
Serbia	RS	56.7
Peru	PE	11.3
Hungary	HU	20.8
Nigeria	NG	51.1
Czechia	CZ	23.3
Singapore	SG	11.9

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>In 46 of 50 countries with 40 or more papers the Wechsler scales lead; Raven&#x27;s share runs from 6% to 57%</strong></p><table><tr><th>country</th><th>iso2</th><th>value</th></tr><tr><td>United States</td><td>US</td><td>8.2</td></tr><tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td>GB</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>CN</td><td>14.9</td></tr><tr><td>Canada</td><td>CA</td><td>10.1</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>JP</td><td>12</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>IT</td><td>32.7</td></tr><tr><td>Australia</td><td>AU</td><td>19.7</td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td>ES</td><td>10.9</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>BR</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td>DE</td><td>20.9</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td>FR</td><td>10.8</td></tr><tr><td>Netherlands</td><td>NL</td><td>21.9</td></tr><tr><td>Iran</td><td>IR</td><td>16.5</td></tr><tr><td>Egypt</td><td>EG</td><td>11.8</td></tr><tr><td>Sweden</td><td>SE</td><td>14.1</td></tr><tr><td>Indonesia</td><td>ID</td><td>19.1</td></tr><tr><td>Turkey</td><td>TR</td><td>12.6</td></tr><tr><td>India</td><td>IN</td><td>43.7</td></tr><tr><td>South Korea</td><td>KR</td><td>7.7</td></tr><tr><td>Norway</td><td>NO</td><td>7.6</td></tr><tr><td>Poland</td><td>PL</td><td>23.2</td></tr><tr><td>Finland</td><td>FI</td><td>12.2</td></tr><tr><td>Taiwan</td><td>TW</td><td>7.7</td></tr><tr><td>Switzerland</td><td>CH</td><td>17.1</td></tr><tr><td>Belgium</td><td>BE</td><td>19.3</td></tr><tr><td>Russia</td><td>RU</td><td>43.4</td></tr><tr><td>Denmark</td><td>DK</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>Mexico</td><td>MX</td><td>8.4</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>IL</td><td>24.3</td></tr><tr><td>Colombia</td><td>CO</td><td>5.5</td></tr><tr><td>South Africa</td><td>ZA</td><td>26.2</td></tr><tr><td>Greece</td><td>GR</td><td>28.1</td></tr><tr><td>Portugal</td><td>PT</td><td>25.9</td></tr><tr><td>New Zealand</td><td>NZ</td><td>17.6</td></tr><tr><td>Argentina</td><td>AR</td><td>11.9</td></tr><tr><td>Chile</td><td>CL</td><td>21.2</td></tr><tr><td>Austria</td><td>AT</td><td>31.8</td></tr><tr><td>Saudi Arabia</td><td>SA</td><td>47.1</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td>TH</td><td>25.3</td></tr><tr><td>Pakistan</td><td>PK</td><td>42.3</td></tr><tr><td>Ireland</td><td>IE</td><td>16.9</td></tr><tr><td>Ecuador</td><td>EC</td><td>12.7</td></tr><tr><td>Malaysia</td><td>MY</td><td>44.6</td></tr><tr><td>Hong Kong</td><td>HK</td><td>30.6</td></tr><tr><td>Serbia</td><td>RS</td><td>56.7</td></tr><tr><td>Peru</td><td>PE</td><td>11.3</td></tr><tr><td>Hungary</td><td>HU</td><td>20.8</td></tr><tr><td>Nigeria</td><td>NG</td><td>51.1</td></tr><tr><td>Czechia</td><td>CZ</td><td>23.3</td></tr><tr><td>Singapore</td><td>SG</td><td>11.9</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-world">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

Figure 11

The United States writes 27% of the Wechsler papers and 14% of the Raven's papers

Share of each test family's papers by country of the authors' institutions, the 12 countries with the most papers on the five test families. Wechsler papers on the left, Raven's on the right; shares add to more than 100 over all countries because a paper with authors in two countries counts for both. OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026.

27.4%United States14.3%

5.3%United Kingdom8.8%

5.3%China4.2%

4.8%Canada2.8%

4.9%Japan3.2%

3.2%Italy7.1%

2.8%Australia3.8%

3.6%Spain2.1%

3.6%Brazil2.1%

2.6%Germany3.9%

2.8%France1.6%

2.5%Netherlands3.3%

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; shares by IQ Metrics

Data table

country	Wechsler papers	Raven's papers
United States	27.4	14.3
United Kingdom	5.3	8.8
China	5.3	4.2
Canada	4.8	2.8
Japan	4.9	3.2
Italy	3.2	7.1
Australia	2.8	3.8
Spain	3.6	2.1
Brazil	3.6	2.1
Germany	2.6	3.9
France	2.8	1.6
Netherlands	2.5	3.3

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>The United States writes 27% of the Wechsler papers and 14% of the Raven&#x27;s papers</strong></p><table><tr><th>country</th><th>Wechsler papers</th><th>Raven&#x27;s papers</th></tr><tr><td>United States</td><td>27.4</td><td>14.3</td></tr><tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td>5.3</td><td>8.8</td></tr><tr><td>China</td><td>5.3</td><td>4.2</td></tr><tr><td>Canada</td><td>4.8</td><td>2.8</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>4.9</td><td>3.2</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td>3.2</td><td>7.1</td></tr><tr><td>Australia</td><td>2.8</td><td>3.8</td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td>3.6</td><td>2.1</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>3.6</td><td>2.1</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td>2.6</td><td>3.9</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td>2.8</td><td>1.6</td></tr><tr><td>Netherlands</td><td>2.5</td><td>3.3</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-pyramid">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

The map does not rank countries by anything: it shows which instrument their researchers name, and no country has “an IQ” here. The countries where the Wechsler scales are not the most-named family are Egypt: Stanford-Binet (12% Raven’s, 39% Wechsler); Saudi Arabia: Raven’s matrices (47% Raven’s, 35% Wechsler); Serbia: Raven’s matrices (57% Raven’s, 43% Wechsler); Nigeria: Raven’s matrices (51% Raven’s, 40% Wechsler) ^[1]. Raven’s asks for no spoken language, which may suit research with several languages, but our data do not test that. Other national tests exist and are named in local-language papers that OpenAlex indexes less well, a gap we list under limits.

09 Are the MMSE and the MoCA IQ tests?

No: the MMSE and the MoCA are dementia screeners, and they are named in more papers than every IQ test, 57,534 papers for the MMSE and 21,045 for the MoCA against 7,581 for the WAIS ^[1] ^[8] ^[9]. We counted them as a contrast group so the page does not mistake “cognitive test” for “IQ test”. The MoCA, published in 2005, went from 21 papers a year in 1995 to about 2,191 in 2025; read what a MoCA score means and how it differs from IQ.

Figure 12

Age does not decide use: the oldest tests are not the most named

Each bubble is a test line with a publication year we could read: year of the first edition against papers naming it in 1990-2025 (log scale); area = papers in 2020-25. Tests without a first year in the publisher record are left out. OpenAlex, as of 5 November 2026.

IQ testCognitive batteryDementia screener (not IQ)

Papers 2020-25101001,000

Papers 1990-2025 (log scale)

MMSE (screener)MoCA (screener)WISC (any edition)WAIS (any edition)WASI / WASI-IIWPPSI (any edition)NARTNIH Toolbox CognitionKaufman K-ABC / KABC-IITOPFDifferential Ability ScalesWTARKaufman K-BIT / KBIT-2ICAR (open)RIAS / RIAS-2UNIT / UNIT2

Year of the first edition

Source: OpenAlex ^[1], first years from ^[5] ^[6] ^[8] ^[9]; chart by IQ Metrics

Data table

label	first_year	papers_1990_2025	group	papers_2020_25
WPPSI (any edition)	1967	1301	iq	398
WASI / WASI-II	1999	1092	iq	415
WAIS (any edition)	1955	7581	iq	1427
WISC (any edition)	1949	7123	iq	1639
UNIT / UNIT2	1998	47	iq	1
Kaufman K-ABC / KABC-II	1983	965	iq	147
Kaufman K-BIT / KBIT-2	1990	223	iq	43
Differential Ability Scales	1990	188	iq	55
RIAS / RIAS-2	2003	57	iq	9
ICAR (open)	2014	30	iq	17
NART	1982	1369	iq	398
WTAR	2001	164	iq	47
TOPF	2009	420	iq	127
NIH Toolbox Cognition	2012	302	battery	226
MMSE (screener)	1975	57534	screener	18695
MoCA (screener)	2005	21045	screener	13147

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>Age does not decide use: the oldest tests are not the most named</strong></p><table><tr><th>label</th><th>first_year</th><th>papers_1990_2025</th><th>group</th><th>papers_2020_25</th></tr><tr><td>WPPSI (any edition)</td><td>1967</td><td>1301</td><td>iq</td><td>398</td></tr><tr><td>WASI / WASI-II</td><td>1999</td><td>1092</td><td>iq</td><td>415</td></tr><tr><td>WAIS (any edition)</td><td>1955</td><td>7581</td><td>iq</td><td>1427</td></tr><tr><td>WISC (any edition)</td><td>1949</td><td>7123</td><td>iq</td><td>1639</td></tr><tr><td>UNIT / UNIT2</td><td>1998</td><td>47</td><td>iq</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Kaufman K-ABC / KABC-II</td><td>1983</td><td>965</td><td>iq</td><td>147</td></tr><tr><td>Kaufman K-BIT / KBIT-2</td><td>1990</td><td>223</td><td>iq</td><td>43</td></tr><tr><td>Differential Ability Scales</td><td>1990</td><td>188</td><td>iq</td><td>55</td></tr><tr><td>RIAS / RIAS-2</td><td>2003</td><td>57</td><td>iq</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>ICAR (open)</td><td>2014</td><td>30</td><td>iq</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>NART</td><td>1982</td><td>1369</td><td>iq</td><td>398</td></tr><tr><td>WTAR</td><td>2001</td><td>164</td><td>iq</td><td>47</td></tr><tr><td>TOPF</td><td>2009</td><td>420</td><td>iq</td><td>127</td></tr><tr><td>NIH Toolbox Cognition</td><td>2012</td><td>302</td><td>battery</td><td>226</td></tr><tr><td>MMSE (screener)</td><td>1975</td><td>57534</td><td>screener</td><td>18695</td></tr><tr><td>MoCA (screener)</td><td>2005</td><td>21045</td><td>screener</td><td>13147</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-bubble">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

10 Which IQ test is the most accurate?

No count on this page says which IQ test is the most accurate: the Wechsler scales are the most used, and being used most is not the same as measuring best. A test is named often because of its history, its price, the languages it exists in, its licence and what clinics are trained on. Accuracy is judged by reliability and validity studies of each test, and by how recent its norms are; the manuals report both, and we copy neither.

What would answer the accuracy question is a different kind of data: how consistent a test’s scores are when the same person is tested twice, how well they predict school or work outcomes, and how closely the norm group matches today’s population. Those facts sit in each publisher’s technical manual and in independent validation studies, and they differ by age group and by purpose. A test used by few researchers can be excellent for one job, and a test used by many can be a poor fit for a given person. For the tests behind the biggest bars here, read the Stanford-Binet guide and the Woodcock-Johnson guide, which cover what each reports.

Usage is not accuracy. See how you reason.

Our IQ test measures how you reason with patterns and compares your result with adults, with a percentile.

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11 How reliable are these counts?

The counts are reliable for ranking tests and unreliable for exact totals: OpenAlex and PubMed rank the 38 tests the same way (r = 0.96 on a log scale; Spearman 0.97), while the totals differ by index ^[1] ^[4]. Across tests with 100 or more OpenAlex papers, PubMed finds a median of 0.40 times the OpenAlex count, because OpenAlex also indexes journals outside biomedicine. Europe PMC, the third index planned, was unavailable on the day (HTTP 503 from its search service) and is not used ^[3].

Counts for a short acronym are the least certain. In the sampled papers the three tests with the lowest share that really name the test are NART (22%), Kaufman K-ABC / KABC-II (35%), WASI / WASI-II (44%); their counts should be read as upper bounds ^[1]. Multi-word names such as “Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children” are far safer, which is why the edition counts, built from full names and numbered spellings, are the ones we trust most for the lag figures.

Figure 13

The indexes agree on the order of the tests: r = 0.96 to 0.96 across 38 tests

Pearson correlations of the log10 paper counts of 38 tests in OpenAlex, PubMed (all years 1990-2025 and 2020-25). Linked, not cause: a test named often is named often everywhere. as of 5 November 2026.

OAOAPubMedPMOA 20-25OAPubMed, all years+0.96OpenAlex, 2020-25+0.91+0.88PubMed, 2020-25+0.93+0.94+0.97

Source: OpenAlex ^[1], PubMed ^[4]; correlations by IQ Metrics

Data table

measure	OpenAlex, all years	PubMed, all years	OpenAlex, 2020-25	PubMed, 2020-25
OpenAlex, all years	1	1	0.9	0.9
PubMed, all years	1	1	0.9	0.9
OpenAlex, 2020-25	0.9	0.9	1	1
PubMed, 2020-25	0.9	0.9	1	1

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>The indexes agree on the order of the tests: r = 0.96 to 0.96 across 38 tests</strong></p><table><tr><th>measure</th><th>OpenAlex, all years</th><th>PubMed, all years</th><th>OpenAlex, 2020-25</th><th>PubMed, 2020-25</th></tr><tr><td>OpenAlex, all years</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.9</td></tr><tr><td>PubMed, all years</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.9</td></tr><tr><td>OpenAlex, 2020-25</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.9</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>PubMed, 2020-25</td><td>0.9</td><td>0.9</td><td>1</td><td>1</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-corr">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

Figure 14

OpenAlex and PubMed count different numbers of papers per test, in much the same order

Papers naming each of the 14 most-named tests (1990-2025): OpenAlex against PubMed (title or abstract). as of 5 November 2026.

OpenAlexPubMed

WAIS (any edition)3,5827,581

WISC (any edition)2,8617,123

NART4401,369

WPPSI (any edition)7181,301

WASI / WASI-II3811,092

Kaufman K-ABC / KABC-II342965

Raven's Standard (SPM)274900

Raven's Coloured (CPM)410842

TOPF51420

Cattell Culture Fair82238

Leiter scales121230

Kaufman K-BIT / KBIT-2109223

Differential Ability Scales89188

WTAR112164

Papers, 1990-2025

Source: OpenAlex ^[1], PubMed ^[4]; calculation by IQ Metrics

Data table

test	OpenAlex	PubMed
WAIS (any edition)	7581	3582
WISC (any edition)	7123	2861
NART	1369	440
WPPSI (any edition)	1301	718
WASI / WASI-II	1092	381
Kaufman K-ABC / KABC-II	965	342
Raven's Standard (SPM)	900	274
Raven's Coloured (CPM)	842	410
TOPF	420	51
Cattell Culture Fair	238	82
Leiter scales	230	121
Kaufman K-BIT / KBIT-2	223	109
Differential Ability Scales	188	89
WTAR	164	112

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>OpenAlex and PubMed count different numbers of papers per test, in much the same order</strong></p><table><tr><th>test</th><th>OpenAlex</th><th>PubMed</th></tr><tr><td>WAIS (any edition)</td><td>7581</td><td>3582</td></tr><tr><td>WISC (any edition)</td><td>7123</td><td>2861</td></tr><tr><td>NART</td><td>1369</td><td>440</td></tr><tr><td>WPPSI (any edition)</td><td>1301</td><td>718</td></tr><tr><td>WASI / WASI-II</td><td>1092</td><td>381</td></tr><tr><td>Kaufman K-ABC / KABC-II</td><td>965</td><td>342</td></tr><tr><td>Raven&#x27;s Standard (SPM)</td><td>900</td><td>274</td></tr><tr><td>Raven&#x27;s Coloured (CPM)</td><td>842</td><td>410</td></tr><tr><td>TOPF</td><td>420</td><td>51</td></tr><tr><td>Cattell Culture Fair</td><td>238</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>Leiter scales</td><td>230</td><td>121</td></tr><tr><td>Kaufman K-BIT / KBIT-2</td><td>223</td><td>109</td></tr><tr><td>Differential Ability Scales</td><td>188</td><td>89</td></tr><tr><td>WTAR</td><td>164</td><td>112</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-dumb">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

The check that matters more is precision. We drew a seeded random sample of 20 OpenAlex hits for each of the 7 tests most at risk of false hits (the Wechsler lines, the WASI, the NART and the Kaufman battery; the rest are not sampled), read each title and abstract with a rule that looks for the test name and for a use word beside it, and read the doubtful ones by hand: 50% of the 117 papers really name the test searched for and 48% name it as the measure used ^[1]. Acronyms are the weak point: “WAIS” is also the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, so every WAIS count excludes papers that mention an ice sheet or Antarctica. The table lists the share per test; we adjusted no count with it.

Figure 15

Of 117 papers we read, 50% name the test and 48% name it as the measure used

A seeded random sample of 20 OpenAlex hits for each of the 7 tests most at risk of false hits, read by a scripted rule and the doubtful ones by hand: false hit (the words are not the test), named otherwise, and named as the measure. as of 5 November 2026.

Papers in the random samples117all

Name the test (not a false hit)5950.4% of all

Name it as the measure used5647.9% of all

Source: OpenAlex ^[1]; check by IQ Metrics

Data table

stage	count	pct_of_first	pct_of_previous
Papers in the random samples	117	100	100
Name the test (not a false hit)	59	50.4	50.4
Name it as the measure used	56	47.9	94.9

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<figure class="iqm-embed"><p><strong>Of 117 papers we read, 50% name the test and 48% name it as the measure used</strong></p><table><tr><th>stage</th><th>count</th><th>pct_of_first</th><th>pct_of_previous</th></tr><tr><td>Papers in the random samples</td><td>117</td><td>100</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Name the test (not a false hit)</td><td>59</td><td>50.4</td><td>50.4</td></tr><tr><td>Name it as the measure used</td><td>56</td><td>47.9</td><td>94.9</td></tr></table><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/#fig-funnel">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)</a>, CC BY 4.0</p></figure>

12 Every test and edition in our dataset

The table above lists all 38 tests and editions with their paper counts in two indexes; sort any column. Test families and edition years come from publisher catalogues ^[5] ^[6], and are facts only: no items, norm tables or manual text were copied.

Each row is one test or one edition; “OpenAlex 2020-25” is the recent slice, and “Name the test” and “Used as measure” come from the sampled papers (n = 20 each; n/a where PubMed was not sampled). The dataset CSV carries the same columns plus the search phrases, so every count can be re-run.

13 How we built the dataset

01
List the tests and the search phrases
38 tests and editions in 9 families, each with full names, abbreviations and edition spellings (data/tests.tsv). Phrases that mean something else are dropped or excluded: “WAIS” excludes ice-sheet papers, and acronyms such as RIAS, KBIT and ICAR were dropped after a first count showed they matched agriculture, kilobits and other fields.
02
Count in two independent indexes
OpenAlex (journal articles and reviews 1990-2025, not retracted, title or abstract, stemmed phrases, year by year) and PubMed (title or abstract), each queried on 5 November 2026, every response cached.
03
Check precision
Twenty random OpenAlex hits for each of the tests most at risk (the OpenAlex daily budget for a key-less user limited how many we could sample), labelled false hit, named otherwise, or named as the measure by a scripted rule, with the doubtful ones read by hand. With 20 papers a share of 90% has a 95% interval of about 70 to 97%.
04
Split and compare
OpenAlex gives each paper a field and the countries of its authors’ institutions. We counted by test family, compared editions by year and compared the two indexes by correlation.
05
Keep what we cannot confirm out
Edition years come from publisher catalogues and are left empty where we did not read one. No count was estimated or filled in.

Read every number with these in mind

Title and abstract only. A paper that names the test only in its methods section is missed, so counts are lower bounds on use; the sources agree on the order, not on the level.
Papers, not studies or people. One paper naming two test families counts twice, and a paper that names the test only to criticise or compare it also counts.
English-language indexes. Papers in other languages, doctoral theses and test-company research are underrepresented, which matters for tests common in other countries.
The edition counts depend on how authors write: many papers say “WAIS” with no edition, so edition counts are a floor and the lag figures are approximate to the year.
Usage is not accuracy, quality or fairness: no figure on this page says which test measures best, and none says what a score means for one person.
Precision was sampled for only a few tests (those most at risk of false hits), 20 papers each; the others are not sampled, and small samples have wide intervals. The scripted rule is conservative about “used” and generous about “named”.

Sources

OurResearch (OpenAlex). OpenAlex: bibliographic index of scholarly works (API api.openalex.org, queries run 5 November 2026; Priem J, Piwowar H, Orr R: OpenAlex: a fully-open index of scholarly works, authors, venues, institutions, and concepts, arXiv:2205.01833, 2022). 2026. doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.01833CC0 1.0 (OpenAlex data)
OurResearch (OpenAlex). OpenAlex technical documentation: search in title and abstract (stemmed phrases), group_by, work types. 2026. docs.openalex.orgDocumentation, cited for how the search works
Europe PMC (EMBL-EBI). Europe PMC: REST API search (www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search), queries run 5 November 2026. 2026. europepmc.org/RestfulWebServiceEurope PMC terms of use; hit counts only (facts), no text copied
NCBI / NLM. National Library of Medicine: PubMed and the Entrez Programming Utilities (E-utilities, esearch and efetch), queries run 5 November 2026. 2026. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25497NLM data and documentation (US government, public domain); abstracts belong to their publishers and were read for the precision check, none is reproduced
Pearson Assessments. Pearson Assessments: product and catalogue pages for the Wechsler scales (WAIS, WISC, WPPSI, WASI), Raven's 2, Kaufman tests, DAS-II, WTAR and TOPF (edition names and publication years as the publisher prints them). 2026. www.pearsonassessments.comPublisher catalogue; facts only (names, editions, years). No items, no manual pages, no norm tables
Riverside Insights. Riverside Insights: product pages for the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales and the Woodcock-Johnson tests, and the UNIT (edition names and years as printed). 2026. www.riversideinsights.comPublisher catalogue; facts only (names, editions, years)
PAR, PRO-ED, Stoelting, WPS, NIH, Cambridge Cognition. Publisher catalogues for RIAS-2 (PAR), TONI-4 (PRO-ED), Leiter-3 (Stoelting), Shipley-2 (WPS), the NIH Toolbox (HealthMeasures, Northwestern University) and CANTAB (Cambridge Cognition). 2026. www.healthmeasures.net/explore-measurement-systems/nih-toolboxPublisher and public pages; facts only (names, editions, years)
Journal of Psychiatric Research (Elsevier). Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR: "Mini-mental state": a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975;12(3):189-198. 1975. doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6Facts cited (year of the original paper)
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley). Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, et al.: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2005;53(4):695-699. 2005. doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.xFacts cited (year of the original paper)
Intelligence (Elsevier). Condon DM, Revelle W: The International Cognitive Ability Resource: development and initial validation of a public-domain measure. Intelligence 2014;43:52-64. 2014. doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2014.01.004Facts cited (year and the public-domain status of ICAR)

Version history

2026.115 November 2026First release. Next update due May 2027, or sooner when a new edition of a major test is released (WISC-V successor, WJ V uptake) or an index changes its coverage.
2026.11.15 November 2026Corrected the UNIT2 edition year to 2016 and its publisher to PRO-ED (the first release said 2015 / Riverside; Buros record and PRO-ED catalogue). The dataset file now carries the date in its name. No count changed. Europe PMC counts and a precision check for every test will follow when the services are back.

Leon Falkner, Data & Research Analyst. Leon owns the arithmetic on IQ Metrics: the percentile tables, the score converter and the figures in everyone else's drafts. On the research desk Leon pulls the data, builds each index and writes the method. More about Leon.

Questions

What is the most used IQ test?

The Wechsler scales: 16,721 papers published 1990-2025 name a WAIS, WISC, WPPSI or WASI in the title or abstract, about 63% of all mentions of a major IQ-test family. Raven's Progressive Matrices is second with 3,290 (OpenAlex).

What is the most common IQ test used by psychologists and researchers?

The Wechsler scales, in 60% of recent papers (2020-25): the WAIS for adults (7,581 papers 1990-2025) and the WISC for children (7,123). Researchers outside clinics also use Raven's Progressive Matrices (3,290 papers).

What are the types of IQ tests?

Researchers name nine families: the Wechsler scales, Raven's matrices, Stanford-Binet, Woodcock-Johnson, Kaufman tests, nonverbal and culture-fair tests, DAS and RIAS, brief and open tests, and reading-based estimates of earlier ability.

How many papers use Raven's Progressive Matrices?

3,290 papers published 1990-2025 name Raven's Progressive Matrices in the title or abstract (OpenAlex). Its share of all IQ-test-family mentions rose from 8% in 1990-94 to 15% in 2020-25.

How many papers use the WAIS or WISC?

The WAIS is named in 7,581 papers and the WISC in 7,123, 1990-2025 (OpenAlex; a paper can name both). PubMed finds 3,582 and 2,861 with its own title and abstract search.

Do researchers still use old editions such as WAIS-III?

Yes: 60% of the 2020-25 papers that name a WAIS or WISC edition name a replaced one. WAIS-III is still named in 264 papers in 2020-25, against 568 for WAIS-IV (OpenAlex).

Which IQ test is the most accurate?

Usage does not answer that: the most used test is not necessarily the most accurate. Accuracy comes from reliability and validity studies and from how recent a test's norms are; this study counts papers, not accuracy.

Is the MMSE an IQ test?

No: the MMSE is a dementia screener, though it is named in 57,534 papers, 7.6 times as many as the WAIS. The MoCA is another screener, named in 21,045 papers. We list both as a contrast group, not as IQ tests.

How did you count the papers?

We searched OpenAlex and PubMed for 38 test names and edition spellings in titles and abstracts, 1990-2025, and checked a random sample of 20 hits for each of the tests most at risk of false hits: 50% name the test and 48% name it as the measure.

Do the two indexes agree?

On the order of tests, yes: counts across 38 tests correlate at r = 0.96 on a log scale. On totals they differ: for tests with 100 or more papers, PubMed finds a median 0.40 times the OpenAlex count.

Use the data

Share it, cite it, download it

You may reuse everything on this page under CC BY 4.0: in articles, reports, lessons and posts. The one condition is credit to IQ Metrics with a link to this page.

Cite this study

Version 2026.11.1. Citing the version lets readers find the exact numbers.

Archived copy with a DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23973059 (report PDF and data on Zenodo).

Falkner, L. (2026). Which IQ test do scientists use? The Wechsler scales, in 16,721 papers (Version 2026.11.1) [Data set]. IQ Metrics Research. https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/ (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23973059)

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<div class="iqm-iq-tests-in-science"><p><strong>Which IQ test do scientists use? (IQ Metrics Research, 2026)</strong></p><ul><li>Wechsler scales: 16,721 papers, 1990-2025 (63% of all major IQ-test mentions)</li><li>Raven's Progressive Matrices: 3,290 papers</li><li>Stanford-Binet: 1,086 papers; Woodcock-Johnson: 950</li><li>60% of 2020-25 papers naming a WAIS or WISC edition name a replaced one</li></ul><p>Source: <a href="https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/">IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use?</a> (CC BY 4.0)</p></div>

Get the data

One row per test or edition (38 rows): family, group (IQ test, cognitive battery or dementia screener), level (line or edition), publisher, first year, edition and its year, papers naming it in OpenAlex by period and in PubMed, the peak year, the precision from a sample of up to 20 papers, and the search phrases.

Download CSV

Data dictionary
Column	What it holds
`test_id, test, family, group, level`	Row key, the test or edition, its family, the group (iq, battery, screener) and whether the row is a whole line (all editions) or one edition
`publisher, first_year, edition, edition_year`	Publisher, the year of the first edition, the edition named and its year, as in the publisher catalogue (empty where not read)
`openalex_papers_1990_2025, openalex_1990_99 ... openalex_2020_25`	Journal articles and reviews whose title or abstract names the test, in OpenAlex, in total and by period
`pubmed_papers_1990_2025, pubmed_papers_2020_25`	The same count in PubMed (title or abstract), in total and for 2020-25
`peak_year`	The year with the most OpenAlex papers
`precision_named_pct, precision_used_pct`	Share of the sampled OpenAlex hits that name the test, and that name it as the measure used (empty where not sampled)
`search_phrases`	The exact phrases searched (OR); every source used the same ones

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IQ Metrics Research counted how many journal papers name each of 38 IQ and cognitive tests, 1990-2025, in OpenAlex and PubMed, and checked a random sample of hits. The Wechsler scales are named in 16,721 papers, 63% of all major IQ-test mentions; Raven's matrices are second (3,290). 60% of 2020-25 papers that name a WAIS or WISC edition name a replaced one. Counts show use, not accuracy. Source: IQ Metrics Research, https://iqmetrics.org/research/most-used-iq-tests/

Angles for a story

The most used IQ test in science: the Wechsler scales lead in 46 of 50 countries (Figure 10)
Raven’s matrices are closing the gap (Figure 4, Figure 5)
Old tests never die: 60% of recent papers name a replaced edition (Figure 7)
The most-named cognitive test is a dementia screener, not an IQ test (Figure 12)
Which fields use IQ tests: medicine and psychology (Figure 8, Figure 9)
Two databases, one ranking (Figure 13)

Quotes you can use

Attributable as written, with the name and title. For a different angle or a quote on a specific figure, ask through the contact page.

If you ask which IQ test scientists use, the answer is the Wechsler scales, by a wide margin: more than 16,000 papers name one. That is a statement about use, not about which test measures best.
Leon Falkner, Data & Research Analyst, IQ Metrics Research
Raven’s matrices went from 8% to 15% of the IQ-test papers in thirty years. The Wechsler scales did not lose ground because Raven’s is better; Raven’s is easier to give in a study.
Leon Falkner, Data & Research Analyst, IQ Metrics Research
Researchers keep citing the edition they already used. About 60% of recent papers that name a WAIS or WISC edition name one that has been replaced.
Leon Falkner, Data & Research Analyst, IQ Metrics Research

Files

CSV of every test, with counts in two indexes, family, edition year, precision and the search phrases (CC BY 4.0)
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Terms, contact and corrections

Credit: “IQ Metrics Research, Which IQ test do scientists use? (2026)” with a link to this page. On air or in print, “IQ Metrics” and the page address are enough.

What it covers: 38 tests and editions, papers published 1990-2025 in OpenAlex and PubMed, queried on 5 November 2026.

Contact: the research team, through the contact page. Corrections are made on this page with a dated note in the version history.

Keep reading

Which IQ test do scientists use? The Wechsler scales, in 16,721 papers

About this study

01 Key findings

02 Statistics to quote

03 What is the most used IQ test in research?

The WAIS, the WISC and Raven's matrices hold the top three places in every period since 1990

Papers naming an IQ test grew about 3x between 1990 and 2025, and the Wechsler scales kept the biggest slice

04 What types of IQ tests are there, and how many papers use each?

Of every 100 recent IQ-test mentions in research papers, 60 are of a Wechsler scale

Every test in our dataset: papers in two indexes, 1990-2025

05 Do researchers use Wechsler tests or Raven's Progressive Matrices more?

Raven's matrices went from 8% to 15% of IQ-test mentions; the Wechsler scales slipped from 68% to 60%

Year by year: Wechsler share down from 65% to 59%, Raven's up from 6% to 18%

06 How long do researchers keep using an old edition of an IQ test?

When each edition came out: a new edition arrives every 11 to 17 years

A new edition took 9 to 18 years to overtake the old one in papers; WISC-V has not after 11

Edition by edition: when the new one overtook the old one in papers

07 Which fields of research use IQ tests?

Medicine and psychology hold 75% of the Wechsler papers and 70% of the Raven's papers

Medicine feeds the Wechsler scales most; psychology feeds Raven's, Woodcock-Johnson and the Kaufman tests

08 Which countries use which IQ tests?

In 46 of 50 countries with 40 or more papers the Wechsler scales lead; Raven's share runs from 6% to 57%

The United States writes 27% of the Wechsler papers and 14% of the Raven's papers

09 Are the MMSE and the MoCA IQ tests?

Age does not decide use: the oldest tests are not the most named

10 Which IQ test is the most accurate?

Usage is not accuracy. See how you reason.

11 How reliable are these counts?

The indexes agree on the order of the tests: r = 0.96 to 0.96 across 38 tests

OpenAlex and PubMed count different numbers of papers per test, in much the same order

Of 117 papers we read, 50% name the test and 48% name it as the measure used

12 Every test and edition in our dataset

13 How we built the dataset

List the tests and the search phrases

Count in two independent indexes

Check precision

Split and compare

Keep what we cannot confirm out

Read every number with these in mind

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